ENTOMOLOGY 55 



An existing or already infested orchard should be carefully ex- 

 amined at least twice in each year: as late as convenient in the fall, 

 and again in the following end of May or early June. In the fall 

 examination the earth should be removed from around the base of 

 the trees to a depth of at least six and preferably eight inches, and 

 every sign of a wound or place from which gum exudes should be 

 investigated. There is needed a small, stiff, coarse brush to remove 

 the gum and crush all surface feeding larvae ; a stout sharp knife to 

 cut through the bark into cavities, and a more slender, longer blade 

 to probe channels and burrows. Never cut more than necessary and 

 never cut across the grain if it can be avoided. If a larva can be lo- 

 cated, a straight slit through the bark into the cavity so as to hit the 

 borer is all that is needed, and such a wound will heal almost at 

 once. Between the end of May and the middle of June the process 

 above described should be repeated. 



Leave the base of the trees exposed for a few days now, to 

 toughen the outer bark and then, before again drawing up the soil, 

 spray very thoroughly with a lime-sulphur, arsenate of lead mixture, 

 to which an excass of lime has been added. Use one pound paste 

 arsenate of lead to every five gallons of lime-sulphur, or one pound 

 of dry arsenate to every ten gallons of lime-sulphur and apply with 

 all the force possible to the exposed crown and for a distance of 

 eighteen to twenty-four inches above the surface. Then cover and 

 hill up at least six inches around the trunk after the application is 

 thoroughly dry. The strength of the lime-sulphur wash may be 

 that of the ordinary winter spray with double the required amount 

 of lime. The object of this application is to hit young larvae that 

 might later try to get into the trees. (Bui. 235 N. J. Exp. Sta. ; Bui. 

 73, Georgia E. S.) 



The Lesser Peach Borer. In the course of investigations of the 

 peach borer by the Bureau of Entomology during 1905 another borer 

 was found infesting the peach, inhabiting principally the trunk, 

 especially of old trees or those showing injury from freezing or 

 other causes. This insect, to be known as the lesser peach borer, has 

 been found in western New York and adjacent portions of Canada, 

 in Maryland and Virginia, and in Georgia, so that it would appear 

 to be widely distributed. In the last-mentioned State it is very 

 abundant and is the cause of important injury, infesting prin- 

 cipally the trunks of the older trees, feeding on the soft bark, exca- 

 vating burrows after the manner of the true peach borer. It has, 

 however, been frequently taken at the crown of the root, and under 

 these circumstances might readily be confused with the other species. 

 This borer is the larva of a. moth, both sexes of which are very sim- 

 ilar to the male Peach-Tree Borer Moth. To control this species it 

 will be advisable to closely examine the trunks as well as the crowns 

 of the roots during the time of worming for the peach borer. 



The Peach Twig-Borer. One of the most common enemies of 

 the peach in the United States, is the twig-borer, or "bud worm'' 

 as it is sometimes called. Its occurrence has been reported from 

 most of the peach growing states of the Union, both in the East and 



