ENTOMOLOGY 89 



No applications to destroy the larva can be recommended and, 

 as in the case of the red-necked borer, the remedy is mechanical. 

 After the plant has made a start in the spring, and the dead canes 

 are readily noticeable, every infested hill should be examined and 

 the borer, which is almost certain to be found at the base of the dead 

 wood, should be destroyed. When cultivating or topping new 

 growth, if a shoot gives sign of wilting, it should be at once examined 

 at the crown and the borer destroyed. They are much more certainly 

 found at the base of the new shoots, because these show the effects 

 of their presence almost immediately. By persistent and careful 

 work, the development of imagos can be almost entirely prevented, 

 as each borer is exposed for two full seasons of cultivation and field- 

 work. (Special Bui. N, N. J. Agr. Exp. Sta.) 



The Raspberry-Cane Maggot. This pest is a fly. It lays its 

 eggs on the young shoots of the raspberry and blackberry plants. 

 When the eggs hatch the maggots enter the young shoots, tunneling 

 down them two to several inches, and then girdle them. Girdled 

 blackberry shoots seldom die; girdled raspberry shoots usually do. 

 When the shoots live the maggots die. The maggots work in the 

 dying and dead shoots for a time and then pupate. The pupae remain 

 in these canes during the fall and winter, emerging in the spring. 

 To combat this pest, cut or break off all infected shoots two to three 

 inches below the girdle early in the summer and burn them. 



By the time the canes are two or more inches in height adult 

 females appear ; they lay their eggs on or near the tips. Later in the 

 season, after the canes become branched, eggs are deposited on the 

 tips of laterals. When these eggs hatch, the maggots enter the canes 

 and girdle them near the tips. The part above the girdle wilts and, 

 after a few hours droops. The canes are easily broken off at the 

 girdle. 



When the raspberry, Logan berry, and dew-berry are girdled 

 the portion above the girdle soon dies. At the point of girdling 

 the stem becomes a light-blue color; soon the color runs up the stem 

 and the discolored shoots and tips of the canes become very con- 

 spicuous. 



As the pest spends the greater part of its life inside the rasp- 

 berry canes it is impossible to combat it with a spray. Both the 

 maggot and the pupa are well protected by the tissues of the dead 

 twines, and it is not practicable to attempt to destroy the eggs or 

 adults. The only known method of combatting them is to collect 

 and destroy the infested canes about the time the maggots transform 

 to pupae. 



It is not a difficult task to locate the infested canes, as they 

 are easily recognized by the wilted and drooping tips which, later, 

 become a deep-blue color. One or two trips through the yard arc 

 sufficient to collect all of them. It is best to do this work late in 

 May or early in June, as by this time all the eggs have hatched and 

 the maggots have girdled the canes. The maggots are usually found 

 below the girdle at this time of the year; for this reason cut or break 

 off the young shoots two or three inches below the girdle in order 



