ENTOMOLOGY 93 



the other. The same remedies apply as in the case of the imported 

 species. (Bui. 51 Mich. Exp. Sta.) See Apple Insects. 



INSECTS INJURIOUS IN CRANBERRY CULTURE. 



The Blackhead Cranberry Worm. This is perhaps the best 

 known and most uniformly injurious of all cranberry insects and 

 is locally known as the vine worm in Massachusetts and as the 

 fire worm in New Jersey. As a larvae (worm) it is a deep, rather 

 velvety, green, slender little caterpillar, not over half an inch long 

 when full grown, and with a shining black head and neck. The 

 adult is a small moth or miller with narrow, dusty-brown wings 

 that measure less than half an inch when expanded and seem much 

 smaller because they are so slight. More closely examined the 

 fore wings will be found to have alternate light and dark gray- 

 browii shade bands, obliquely arranged. The moths first appear 

 on the bogs in early June, continuing until nearly the end of the 

 month, and again late in July, continuing into August, when they 

 disappear for the season. 



These eggs are flattened, disk-like, and less than half the size 

 of an ordinary pin head, but their bright yellow color makes them 

 easily visible against the green of the leaf, even without a magni- 

 fier. There they remain throughout the winter, whether the bog 

 bo dry or flowed, and the little caterpillars hatch from them in 

 spring as soon as the temperature reaches an average of about 60 

 degrees. Many of the eggs perish during the winter, but where 

 the vines are uncovered in sheltered spots they hatch out little 

 worms about the time the vines themselves are making a start. 

 For a day or two the worms nibble on the under surface of the 

 old leaves or may even burrow into them and then make their 

 way to the tip of an upright, where they spin together the edges 

 of the new leaves. 



The bog at the beginning of July shows very plainly the ef- 

 fects of the insect's attack in brown tips that are everywhere notice- 

 able; and every brown tip at this time means a barren upright. 

 Next the leaves drop and the burnt appearance disappears for a few 

 days, but this is only to give way to another series of spun-up tips 

 which resemble those of the early brood, but with a difference. The 

 vines are now in full foliage, full of buds and almost ready to 

 bloom. Unlike those of the first brood, the worms of this second 

 brood are not content to spin up only a single tip; they gather into 

 their web everything within reach. Two or three sprays with all 

 their buds may be included and every chance for fruit destroyed. 

 In fact, the buds, flowers, and very young berries are eaten by 

 preference, and the injury to the crop is out of all proportion to 

 the amount of plant tissue actually devoured. >So, also, instead of 

 eating up a leaf entire, the worms take a few bites here and there 

 until, toward the end of July, the bog appears as if it had been 

 burnt over, justifying the term fire-worms for the insects. 



The Yellowhead Cranberry Worm. The common name here 

 used describes the most conspicuous difference in the larval (worm) 

 stage from the preceding species, and is employed in preference to 



