ENTOMOLOGY 103 



before. By this time the season is pretty well advanced, the fruit 

 is of good size, and, soon after the worm starts feeding, the newly 

 infested berry begins to turn red. To the ordinary observer the 

 fruit is ripening nicely, if early; but the grower knows better and 

 realizes that every such specimen is lost to him. Not unusually the 

 worm completes its growth in this berry, but if it does not it eats 

 into a fourth. This time it makes no attempt to seal up its point of 

 entry; very often it spins together a little cluster of berries, eating 

 from one into the other and ruining all of them. Full growth 

 comes, as a rule, in late August or early September, just before 

 picking time; then the caterpillar leaves the berry and in the 

 sand at the base of the plants spins a rather close silken cocoon, in 

 which it passes the winter. But quite frequently the worms do 

 not get their full growth at picking time, and emerge from the 

 berries after they are harvested and in the cranberry house. These 

 delayed forms make their way to any crevice or other shelter that 

 they can find and there spin up for the winter rest. 



At this time the worm is rather more than half an inch in 

 length, of a bright-green color, with a variably marked reddish 

 tinge on the back. The head is a little narrower than the first 

 body segment and is of a more yellowish color, except the mouth, 

 which is brown. The body segments are transversely wrinkled, 

 clothed with a few sparse, rather long hairs. As a whole this is 

 decidedly the stoutest of those occurring on the bog as injurious 

 species. 



The full-grown caterpillars winter in their silken cocoons, 

 which they make by first rolling in the sand, gluing the particles 

 together with saliva, and then spinning their web inside of the 

 rough casing so formed. Pupation begins toward the middle of 

 April with specimens that have been dry during the winter, but 



Erobably not much before the end of May or early June on the 

 ogs. The pupa is brown, rather chunky, and of the same general 

 form as in the species already described. 



Winter flowage is not fatal to these insects, and covering the 

 bogs with water at any time after the winter cocoon has been formed 

 would probably be ineffective. Nevertheless, as already indicated, 

 water-covered bogs are less troubled, and it is probable that the 

 earlier the water is put on in the fall the more effective this prac- 

 tice will be. 



Indications are that if a bog can be safely submerged for 

 forty-eight hours between August 10 and 15, just before the worms 

 reach their full growth, the great majority will be killed off. 

 Sound berries covered for that length of time will not come to 

 harm if the water can -be put on and drawn off rapidly enough to 

 avoid scalding. Fruits not quite so far advanced may be covered 

 for even a long time without injury, but there is always a risk 

 which the grower should fully consider before he acts. The vines 

 should be completely covered before the sun 1 beats upon them 

 high enough to warm the water, the covering should be sufficiently 

 deep to prevent a scalding effect, and when the water is drawn 



