104 INSECTS AFFECTING VEGETATION 



sunrise should find at least every berry above the water level, that 

 the drying off may be gradual. A cool day would almost insure 

 safety to the berries, an intensely hot one might cause injury, and 

 the nearer maturity the fruit the greater the danger. Nevertheless, 

 despite the danger, reflowage is advisable, provided it can be done 

 within the time limit given. 



If reflowage be not practiced, pick the crop as soon as it is at 

 all practicable, so as to get as many wormy berries off the bog as 

 may be. The worms will emerge in the cranberry house and form 

 their cocoons in cracks and crevices or among rubbish. Give them 

 plenty of shelter in the way of loosely piled slats, boards, or other 

 cover, placed wherever conveniently possible, and any time during 

 the winter clean up thoroughly, so as to reach the hibernating 

 worms. Field mice will eat these worms. Also a liberal use of 

 gasoline in such places under the usual precautions against fire 

 would reach every one of them. 



Insecticides are possible only during the two or three days 

 in which the young worm feeds on the outside of the berry, and 

 the only material that offers any chance of good results is arsenate of 

 lead. If when the worm starts feeding it finds a poisonous meal 

 prepared its career will be ended at once. It must be remembered 

 that any application to be at all effective must be on the berries by 

 July 10 and must be maintained there at least a month to get most 

 of the hatching worms. Arsenate of lead is the most lasting of all 

 the arsenical sprays, but new berries are being added constantly 

 as new fruit sets, and at that season growth is rapid, so that a week 

 will add a large amount of new, uncovered surface. One spraying 

 per week for three, or preferably four, w r eeks offers a fair chance 

 of success by killing off the berry worms before they get into the 

 berry. 



On bogs that can not be flowed the arsenate of lead, aided by 

 early picking, will probably reduce the amount of injury materially; 

 but on such bogs the development of the moths may occur earlier 

 and the grower must rely more upon the stage of growth, or, better, 

 the appearance of the moths themselves on the bog, than upon any 

 absolute dates. 



The Cranberry Katydid. One of the most destructive insects 

 on the New Jersey bogs is a species of katydid, though its injuries 

 are, as a rule, charged to grasshoppers in general. On Long Island 

 the damage is less marked, and in Massachusetts the insect is prac- 

 tically unknown. 



The injury is chiefly caused by the feeding habits of the adult 

 of one species which chews into the berries w T hen half to full grown, 

 rejects the pulp, and eats the seeds. Other species have similar 

 habits, but occur more rarely. The injured berries wilt, shrivel, 

 and die; but when they have just been left by the katydids, the 

 common, shorthorned grasshoppers feed on the exposed pulp and, 

 being detected in this, are quite generally charged with having 

 caused the entire trouble. One katydid may eat out several berries 

 at one sitting, and when the insects are at all abundant the per- 



