134 INSECTS AFFECTING VEGETATION 



escapes from the nuts in the latter part of September and in October ; 

 but most of them do not issue until the husks open, allowing the 

 nuts to fall. In Georgia they have been found in the nuts as late 

 as the middle of January. 



The same care in the selection of the site for a pecan orchard is 

 advised as in the case of chestnut culture, with this difference, that 

 the grower should avoid planting in the vicinity of wild pecan and 

 hickory of whatever kind. The entire crop, also, should be har- 

 vested or hogs should be turned in to devour what nuts are left. 

 Where swine and chickens have access to a pecan grove, the ground 

 is well rooted and scratched up and there is less loss from weevils 

 than in the previous year. Evidently both hogs and poultry devour 

 the larvae in the ground. 



At the time that bisulphid of carbon was first suggested as a 

 remedy for chestnut worms it was feared that the firm and compact 

 shell would hardly permit the gas to penetrate and kill the con- 

 tained larvae. Experience, however, has shown that this remedy is 

 successful in the case of chestnuts, and it is not impossible that it 

 might be adapted to pecans, using a larger amount of the chemical 

 and a longer exposure in a perfectly tight receptacle. We can as yet 

 scarcely advise this method on a large scale, but it should certainly 

 be tried experimentally. 



The Hazelnut Weevil. Hazelnuts or filberts are injured in 

 much the same manner as are chestnuts and pecans and by a similar 

 weevil. Injury was recognized as early as 1841, but was attributed 

 to other species than that under consideration. Owing to the com- 

 paratively slight importance of the hazel as a nut tree in this coun- 

 try, few notices of losses from weevil attack have been recorded. 

 The weevil which affects the nut was not differentiated from others 

 of its kind until 1884. In 1891 it was reported as badly damaging 

 hazelnuts in Iowa. 



The beetle differs from others which attack edible nuts, exclu- 

 sive of acorns, by its shorter, more robust form and shorter beak. 

 It is about one-fourth of an inch in length, and the beak does not 

 exceed half the length of the body. The vestiture varies from gray 

 to ochreous, and the elytra are moderately mottled. 



This species occurs from Massachusetts and New Hampshire 

 westward to Minnesota and Texas. Injury has been noted in Massa- 

 chusetts, New York, Indiana, Iowa, and Minnesota. Of the life 

 history little has been recorded beyond the fact that the worm issues 

 from the side of the nut, and that paired adults have been found on 

 hazelnuts in July. 



Since hazels are not cultivated in this country to any extent, no 

 remedy need be employed other than gathering entire crops and de- 

 stroying isolated bushes where it is unprofitable to gather the nuts. 

 It would be quite possible, owing to the small size of the hazel plant, 

 to control this species by jarring, as for tihe plum curculio. (Cir. 99, 

 B. E., U. S. Dep. of Agr.), 



The Pecan Cigar Case-Bearer. Among the insects of minor 

 importance that affect the pecan, the pecan cigar case-bearer is 



