ENTOMOLOGY 227 



fore being stored away. Here the insects that have gotten into the 

 grain while in the field will all be destroyed, thus removing a serious 

 source of infection to the stored grain. Before a crib is to receive the 

 harvested and fumigated grain, it should be thoroughly fumigated 

 and cleaned. All cracks, loose fittings, and holes should be stopped 

 up as well as possible. 



Grain having been fumigated and placed in a tight crib or bin 

 that has been cleaned will suffer but very little from the ravages of 

 insects during the year. Should they become troublesome at any 

 time another application of the sulpnide should be made. Peas, 

 rice, shelled-corn and other seeds are frequently stored in barrels or 

 boxes. These may be easily fumigated by saturating a piece of cot- 

 ton with four or five ounces of carbon bi-sulphide and placing it on 

 top of the seed, throwing a heavy cloth over the top of the barrel to 

 keep the fumes within. It should be noted that the treatment given 

 above, is for grain that has been husked or hulled. Where the grain 

 is not husked a somewhat larger quantity of the bi-sulphide will be 

 needed. 



The protection afforded by the husks against grain insects is 

 far less than the advantages gained by having it husked so that it 

 may be the more thoroughly subjected to the fumes of the insecticide. 

 It is therefore recommended that corn be husked when harvested, 

 and carbon bi-sulphide be used to keep it free from weevils and other 

 insects. 



Carbon bi-sulphide may be purchased at drug-stores for twenty 

 to thirty cents per pound. Arrangements might be made with local 

 druggists, who would order carbon bi-sulphide in fifty pound cans, 

 or larger lots, and who could then afford to sell it much cheaper than 

 the usual retail price. 



Hydrocyanic acid gas, sulphur fumes and heat may be success- 

 fully employed as outlined in the chapter on fumigation. (Fla. E. 

 S. B. 36.) 



The Sugar-Cane Leafhopper* Leafhopper is a popular term 

 applied to a certain group of plant-feeding insects of the order Hem- 

 iptera. Common characteristics of these insects are their peculiar 

 habit of springing or jumping when disturbed; their feeding upon 

 plants by sucking from the tissue the plant juice or sap through a 

 beak or proboscis, a piercing organ by means of which they puncture 

 the epidermal layer of the plant; their incomplete development (that 

 is, the young upon hatching from the eggs resembles the adult, ex- 

 cept that it is smaller in size, wingless, and sexually immature and 

 by a gradual process of development acquires the characteristics of 

 the adult) ; and the fact that their eggs are deposited in the same 

 plant upon which the young and adult appear and feed. 



The eggs of the sugar-cane leaf hopper are deposited beneath the 

 epidermis of the cane plant in situations along the midrib of the 

 leaves, in the internodes of the stalk, or, in the case of young un- 

 stripped cane, in the leaf sheath of the lower leaves. As the growth of 



*The sugar cane insects of Louisiana and the other Southern States are iden- 

 tical \vith the Hawaiian sugar cane pests. 



