ENTOMOLOGY 281 



tendency to settle about the mother, resulting in a somewhat irregular 

 infestation. This insect occurs more commonly in the towns than in 

 the country, and the trees most generally attacked are hard maple 

 and linden. The maples in the parks and upon the streets in Cleve- 

 land suffer severely from this pest. The lime-sulfur is effective 

 against this pest. 



The Rose Scale. This species resembles the scurfy bark louse, 

 though the general appearance of the infestation as a rule is of a 

 whiter, fluffier nature. The life history is practically the same as 

 that of the scurfy scale, and the winter applications of the lime- 

 sulfur wash are effective. Roses, blackberries and raspberries are 

 most commonly attacked. Rosa rugosa is more severely attacked 

 than other roses, but even with this variety, the writer has observed 

 very few instances where the plants were killed. 



The Elm Scurfy Scale. This species occurs upon the elms 

 and the lindens. It resembles very closely the scurfy bark louse, 

 in fact it is quite likely that for many years it was confused with 

 this insect. The life history is the same. In the writer's observa- 

 tion, however, the elm scurfy scale is not so evenly distributed over 

 the host plant as is the scurfy, the lower side of the branches being 

 more subject to infestation. Lime-sulfur is effective. Contact sprays 

 applied at hatching time are effective against this species. 



The Cottony Maple Scale. During the early summer months 

 this scale is easily detected by the presence of a white, cottony mass 

 which the insect exudes from beneath the covering scale. Within 

 this mass may be found the eggs, the number varying from a few 

 hundred to two thousand. Hatching occurs during the early sum- 

 mer and the young migrate to the leaves or to the tender young 

 growth, where they settle and begin feeding upon the sap of the 

 tree. Meanwhile a thin scale covering forms over each individual, 

 which with the growth of the insect enlarges and in time turns 

 brown. Before the leaves fall most of the insects migrate to the 

 branches and trunk, where they settle preparatory to passing the 

 winter in their partially grown condition. With the coming of 

 spring maturity is soon reached and the cottony mass already de- 

 scribed appears. 



The species prefers soft maple, though a number of other 

 trees are subject to slight attack, among the more common being 

 hard maple, honey locust, elm and grapevine. 



Two species very closely resembling the one just described 

 attack the hard maple; the maple leaf scale, Walsh and Riley, and 

 the Woolly maple leaf scale. The former is found upon the leaves 

 and the latter upon either the leaves or branches. 



Natural parasites play an important part in the economy of 

 this insect, in most seasons being sufficiently numerous to prevent 

 serious damage. How y ever, for some reason the natural enemies are 

 not always successful in developing and considerable harm is done 

 by the scale. When the insect becomes sufficiently troublesome to 

 require attention, winter spraying with kerosene emulsion, contain- 



