282 INSECTS AFFECTING VEGETATION 



ing from 12 ^ to 25 per cent, kerosene, is the remedy most com- 

 monly recommended. 



The Maple Terrapin or Black Banded Scale. (See Insects Af- 

 fecting the Peach). This insect is sharply hemispherical in form, 

 the adult female is about one-sixteenth of an inch in diameter and 

 the color, though variable, is of a general reddish tone with a more 

 or less distinct blackish band near the border. One of the most dis- 

 tinctive characteristics, however, is the peculiar sickening odor that 

 is especially noticeable when the well grown scales are crushed. 



Soft and hard maples suffer most commonly from this pest. 



In the author's experience winter applications of the stronger 

 insecticides commonly used against scale insects have proved un- 

 successful in furnishing a control, in fact the insects seemed to be 

 little harmed by the applications. It may be found, however, that 

 kerosene emulsion containing 20 to 22 per cent, kerosene will bring 

 about the desired results. The hard maple is more liable to injury 

 from the application of strong emulsion than is the soft maple. 



The Elm Bark Louse. The adult females of this insect are 

 the most conspicuous forms. They may be seen clustered along 

 the under side of the smaller limbs, usually beside a crack or crev- 

 ice in the bark, and presenting a general resemblance to a growth 

 of lichens. The full grown viviparous females are about 1-10 inch 

 long just before giving birth to their young, oval in outline and 

 with slightly pointed extremities. Each is surrounded with a 

 white, woolly secretion, which also extends partly over the insect 

 and thus renders its segmentation more apparent. The females 

 become full grown in early spring and the young appear during 

 the month of June. 



What is known as the bitter elm is most subject to attack. 

 The water elm is rarely attacked and, if so, very slightly, even when 

 growing beside infested specimens of the former species. Prof. 

 R. H. Pettit, of the Michigan Agricultural College, reports success 

 from the use of the lime-sulfur wash upon the elms located upon 

 the college grounds. It is quite likely that this is the most prac- 

 ticable and satisfactory spray to be used. 



Tulip Tree Lecanium. In cases of severe infestation the 

 branches on which it occurs appear irregularly knotted. Occasion- 

 ally, fatal results are reported to follow its attack, but in the writer's 

 experience he has never seen a tree killed or severely injured by it. 

 However, the large fleshy scales surely consume considerable of the 

 tree's sap and thus harm it to a certain extent. 



The Pine Leaf Scale. This is a small, elongated, snow-white 

 scale, at the narrow end of which is attached a small yellow pellicle. 

 It is found attached to the leaves of the pine. The winter is passed 

 in the egg stage. Two broods occur annually, one in early summer 

 and the other during the fall. (Bui. 194, Ohio E. S.) 



A weak kerosene emulsion was applied at the time the first 

 brood was emerging and a very dilute solution of whale oil soap at 

 the time the smaller fall brood appeared. As a result the trees 



