ENTOMOLOGY 207 



on a great variety of plants, a peculiarity that has suggested the 

 common name. It is not common enough to excite alarm at pres- 

 ent, and probably where it appears it will only be necessary to 

 remove and burn the galls while the makers are still in them. 



The Poplar Leaf-Tyer. Carolina and Lombardy poplars, and 

 also sometimes willows, when planted along streets and on lawns in 

 Kentucky are badly marred by worms that appear among the leaves, 

 which they draw together, singly, so as to make a nest, leaving 

 openings by which they can go in and out, and then sew the petiole 

 to the twig to keep it from becoming detached. In these swinging 

 cases a half-dozen or more Iarva3 live together, and forage on the 

 leaves near by. Generally they are not observed about the trees 

 until August, but the adult moths emerge very early in the spring, 

 March 18 and April 3, by my notes on rearing, and place eggs for 

 an early spring brood that attracts no attention because of the small 

 number of individuals occurring at this time on the trees. 



Adults of this brood lay their eggs on the leaves soon after the 

 latter unfold but my earliest record is dated June 4, when a cluster 

 was found on the under side of a willow leaf. These eggs hatched 

 the following night. On June 9 the young worms were one-half 

 inch long, and in a note made at the time were described as of a yel- 

 lowish green color, with relatively large black head, and black 

 jointed legs, the body clothed with slender pale hairs. They feed 

 gregariously at this stage, either on the upper or under surface of 

 a leaf, spinning over themselves a light web of silk, which being 

 unyielding causes the leaf as it grows to bend and its edges to come 

 together, the case thus formed being made secure by additional 

 strands of silk, and the whole finally being closely lined so as to 

 make, a snug retreat and lodging place for the worms. At first, they 

 eat away the green substance of the leaf, leaving only the veins and 

 veinlets, but when well grown are compelled to forage on the leaves 

 outside the case. The larva? of this brood become grown about June 

 27th, and then change to reddish brown pupae within the cases. 

 Adults emerge about the middle of July, and soon place eggs for 

 the second brood. In 1893 eggs were found on poplar July 19, and 

 hatched during the night of July 29. Larva? generally become 

 abundant and their injuries noticeable from August 19 to August 26. 



Pupae have been secured on various dates between and including 

 August 7 and September 8. Adults have been secured on the dates, 

 July 8, 15, and August 11. The last date may indicate either a third 

 brood or represent belated individuals of the second. The winter is 

 spent by the insect in the pupa stage. 



Young fresh from the egg are pale green, with large shining 

 black head, and numerous black dots. The double black tubercles 

 on the fourth and eleventh body divisions are barely visible. When 

 about one week old and two-thirds of an inch long, the general color 

 is pale yellow, this color being disposed in narrow stripes alternating 

 with still narrower more or less broken brown lines. The head, the 

 jointed legs, a pair of spots on the first body division, two scries of 

 dots along each side, the two double tubercles, and a tail plate arc 



