298 INSECTS AFFECTING VEGETATION 



black. Beneath, the color is uniform greenish yellow. The whole 

 body is clothed with soft whitish hairs. 



When ready to pupate the larva measures about 1.12 inch in 

 length. It is marked with black, as already described, and is charac- 

 terized especially by four longitudinal lines of bright sulphur-yellow 

 extending along the middle of the back. The stigmata are black. 

 The double tubercles on the fourth and eleventh body divisions are 

 conspicuous, as is the clothing of soft whitish hairs. 



This is formed within the case. It is chestnut brown, smooth, 

 shining, somewhat darker in front, about 0.50 inch long, with a 

 greatest diameter of 0.18 inch. The spiracles are large, elongate, the 

 last, a mere line. At the tip of the abdomen is a slender spine, ex- 

 panded at its extremity to form a minute anchor, a little hook ex- 

 tending outward on each side. 



The adult is a rather rare moth. It is small, obscurely colored, 

 with a wing expane in the male of 1.10 inch, the body being about 

 0.52 inch long, while the female is a trifle larger, measuring 1.16 

 inch from tip to tip of the expanded front wing, and with a length 

 of body of about 0.56 inch. The color is dull drab, the front wings 

 with a touch of rusty (ferruginous) near the tips and at the bases. 

 Thorax in front with a large spot of chestnut. The front wings are 

 oddly marked with narrow whitish lines, the most noticeable of which 

 form a triangle the base of which is on the front margin of the wing, 

 the apex beyond the middle of the hind margin. Two series of small 

 dusky dots follow the outer margin of the front wing. The hind 

 wing is crossed by a wavy line that becomes angled near the front 

 margin. The males differ from the females in having broader an- 

 tenna3, and in being provided with a conspicuous fan-shaped fringe 

 of hairs at the tip of the abdomen. 



When the trees are not large it is not a difficult matter to re- 

 move the rolled leaves by hand. Larger trees must be sprayed with 

 Paris green, or arsenate of lead. 



The Willow Leaf-Beetle. Willows growing on lawn and in the 

 nursery in Kentucky are almost completely denuded of foliage in the 

 early spring months by rather sluggish grubs that when young feed 

 in company on the green substance so as to leave finally only a brown 

 network of veins and veinlets. The injury is widespread in the State, 

 though generally increasing in severity for a time, then waning until 

 scarcely noticeable and remaining so for a succession of years. Few 

 of our insects prove more troublesome than this one when once it has 

 become abundant. 



The adult of this species is a shining brown insect of the same 

 family as the Colorado potato beetle and the Elm Leaf-beetle. It 

 measures from 0.24 to 0.30 inch in length. The body is elongate 

 oval, moderately convex above, smooth, shining, the wing covers 

 closely, finely, punctured when seen under a magnifier. The 

 head is black, and is received in the hollowed out thorax ; the anten- 

 nae are short, thickened outwardly, black at base and tip, the inter- 

 mediate joints pale. Thorax black centrally, with a wide brown 

 or red border, a black dot on each side lying contiguous to the 



