300 INSECTS AFFECTING VEGETATION 



never attracts general attention because of its injuries, frequently 

 does enough to demonstrate its capacity in this direction should it at 

 any time become sufficiently common. It produces a moth that is 

 not uncommon at sirupy baits placed on the trunks of trees to attract 

 night flying insects, and becomes especially common during the 

 month of July. More than one brood is reared each season. The 

 moths hibernate and are abroad in May, a brood of larva? being ready 

 for pupation by the last of the month, and yielding fresh moths by 

 the middle of June. Larvae have been taken also in October during 

 which month adults commonly come out in numbers and conceal 

 themselves for the winter. 



A larva taken from willow October 1, 1898, was green, with a 

 narrow black line along the upper part of the side, a reddish brown 

 neck plate, and two ink-like blotches one on each side of the second 

 and third body divisions. This larva began spinning a loose web for 

 pupation October 3, and on October 4 had become a black pupa about 

 0.80 inch long and 0.24 inch in diameter. The surface is opaque and 

 the abdomen tipped with several curved booklets for clinging to the 

 silken web. 



This is the only moth known to me that habitually enters caves. 

 This it does for hibernation, never, however, penetrating much 

 beyond the penetration of light and being commonly found within 

 the first twenty feet. Individuals have sometimes been found in the 

 caves as early as the 12th of September, when larvae were still present 

 on the trees. They are found in the caves thereafter until spring, 

 my latest date of capture being March 28. The situation chosen by 

 these hibernating individuals is quite in keeping with the oddness of 

 the moth. As far as observed they invariably cling to the walls over- 

 head, where they are safe from pursuit by mice and other predatory 

 cave inhabitants. On one occasion the bodies of individuals were 

 found studded with droplets of moisture. 



The Herald is a fine, though odd-looking moth. The wings ex- 

 pand about 1 .6 inch, the front margin of the front wings being nearly 

 straight except at the extreme tip where it is rather abruptly bent. 

 The outer margin is strongly angled and is toothed both before and 

 behind the angle. The hind wings are of the ordinary shape. Color 

 of the front wings, drab, with a dash of ferruginous extending out 

 from the base upon the disc of the wing. A pale zig-zag line extends 

 across the outer part of the wing nearly parallel with the toothed and 

 angled outer margin. Within this is a pair of sinuous white lines 

 extending across from the front to the hind margins. Still another 

 white line crosses the wing between this pair and the base of the wing. 

 Besides these lines, each wing is marked with a distinct point of white 

 on the disc, and with another at the base. The hind wings are dull 

 gray above, with a curved dusky line crossing the disc. Beneath, the 

 front wings are dotted along the front margin with dusky lines, and 

 show traces of the lines of the upper surface. The hind wing is dotted 

 with black, is crossed by a median dusky line, upon and outside of 

 which is a large blackish smudge. The thorax is ferruginous, the 

 abdomen drab. The legs are flecked with white, the tarsi of the mid- 



