460 INSECTS AFFECTING VEGETATION 



Virginia and as far west as Michigan. It is not so destructive as the 

 scab, but often causes otherwise perfect fruit to go as seconds. It is 

 found on almost every variety of apple, but the Baldwin is especially 

 susceptible. The disease appears about the middle of August. At 

 this time it may be seen as spots of a deeper red on the colored sur- 

 face of the apple and of a darker green on the lighter portion. As 

 the season advances, the spots become more prominent. They usually 

 become slightly sunken, and on the red surface the color often 

 changes to brown or black. The tissue beneath the spot is rendered 

 brown and corky to a depth of several cells. Cold storage seems to 

 check the development of the spots, but in cellar storage they often 

 become more sunken and spread deeper into the tissue of the apple. 

 (N. H. E. S. B. 144.) 



The disease is readily controlled by spraying. Applications two 

 and three as given for apple scab will practically prevent the disease. 

 However, if these sprayings are to be given for fruit spot alone, it is 

 advisable to make them about ten days later than the dates given for 

 scab. Both Bordeaux and lime-surphur have given satisfactory 

 results. 



Fruit Pit. The disease variously known as Fruit Pit, Baldwin 

 Spot or Bitter Pit is not of so common occurrence in New Hampshire 

 as the fruit spot, yet is sometimes quite serious on certain limbs and 

 trees. It is found in various sections of the United States and Can- 

 ada and is considered a very serious disease in Australia and South 

 Africa. 



It is somewhat like the fruit spot in appearance, and has been 

 sometimes confused with it; yet is distinctly different upon close 

 observation. In the early stages of the disease the spots may show no 

 difference in color from the surrounding portions of the apple and 

 only the slightest depression. At this time they have the appearance 

 of numerous minute bruises. They soon become conspicuous as 

 sunken areas from % to i/i-inch in diameter. The depressions are 

 somewhat hemispherical in shape. As they continue to develop they 

 become more highly colored than the surrounding portions and later 

 take on various shades of brown. At first this coloration shows 

 through from rather deeply seated tissue, but later the surface tissue 

 also becomes a dark brown. As the disease advances, the spots situ- 

 ated near each other often become confluent, developing into one 

 large spot or pit. The pronounced depressions in the later stages of 

 this disease are characterized much better by the term pit than by that 

 of spot. (N. H. E. S. B. 144.) 



Pink Rot. When the scab fungus itself first takes hold of 

 the apple, it grows beneath the skin, and as it matures, the skin is 

 ruptured and the edges left somewhat upturned. It is near the up- 

 turned edge that the pink fungus so often makes its beginning, 

 forming a ring of mould. The entire scab spot however, is usually 

 covered with a white mould. This gradually changes to a pink or 

 rose color. This color is due to the entire spot becoming dusted with 

 the pale rose-colored spores. (N. Y. [Ithaca] E. S. B. 207.) 



