540 INSECTS 'AFFECTING VEGETATION 



on the hands as a rusty brown powder; the winter spores, black 

 and produced in small compact warts on the underside of the leaf 

 or sometimes also on the upper side. The spots on the upper side are 

 commonly surrounded by a yellow border. The summer spores 

 appear rather early in the season and are produced in abundance. 

 It is by means of these spores that the disease is spread. The black 

 winter spores appear later. They result from the late infections by 

 the summer spores. The mycelium never spreads far from the point 

 of infection and, unless these points are numerous, but' little dam- 

 age is done to the leaf. The disease winters in the old leaves. 



While this disease is not common and is rarely destructive, 

 yet it is desirable that it should not become well established on a 

 farm. Under very favorable conditions it might become sufficiently 

 abundant materially to injure the crop. Therefore, it is well to 

 learn to know it and be able to stamp it out whenever it appears. 

 Since the disease winters only in the diseased tops, it is readily 

 exterminated by burning all diseased plants after the beans are 

 harvested. When beans are sprayed for anthracnose this disease 

 will also be controlled. 



Apparatus for Spraying Beans. Any sprayer that will thor- 

 oughly cover every part of the plant with the Bordeaux mixture may 

 be used. It is not possible to recommend any one machine as the 

 best for spraying beans. The kind of power used is immaterial so 

 far as effectiveness is concerned, provided it gives sufficient pres- 

 sure. The grower must decide for himself what power will be 

 most desirable in his case. The important thing aside from the 

 pressure is the ^arrangement of nozzles. Below is given a list of 

 spraying machine manufacturers who furnish with their machines 

 nozzle arrangements for spraying beans (probably others will also 

 furnish them) : 



Niagara Sprayer Company, Middleport, N. Y. Liquefied Car- 

 bonic Gas. 



The E. C. Brown Company, Rochester, N. Y. Compressed 

 air, compressed by power from the axle. 



The Gould's Manufacturing Company, Seneca Falls, N. Y. 

 Hand power or Gasoline engine. 



The Standard Harrow Company, Utica, N. Y. 



Field Force Pump Co., Elmira, N. Y. 



Bateman Manufacturing Co., Grenloch, N. J. 



CABBAGE DISEASES. 



Black Leg or Foot Rot of Cabbage. The dissemination of this 

 disease is not so much a matter of overlooking the planting of in- 

 fected seedlings, though undoubtedly much of this takes place, as 

 it is of general distribution of spores through the handling of oc- 

 casional sick plantlets. 



Plants affected with this trouble die in all stages of their 

 growth; few, however, succumb previous to the transplanting, and 

 only those more or less badly affected at the time of setting out die 

 within the following three weeks. The greatest loss takes place 

 at the time when the plants are one-half to two-thirds grown, at 



