FARM MANAGEMENT 75 



taken that a look of uniformity is lost. Planting in rows gives them 

 a stiff appearance, and the landscape effect is injured. A beautiful 

 sward being the most important feature of the lawn, trees and shrubs 

 are but secondary and should be so planted as to assist the landscape 

 effect without marring the sward appearance. 



Shrubs. Few shrubs possess a sufficiently graceful and charac- 

 teristic habit of growth to make them pleasing objects when grown 

 singly upon the lawn, but where a number of specimens of varying 

 habit are brought together in a single group, the differences are em- 

 phasized by contrast and the variety produces a pleasing effect, par- 

 ticularly if the rate and habit of growth as well as the color and 

 character of the foliage be somewhat different. Pleasing results in 

 groups of shrubs do not come from large numbers of the same va- 

 riety in mass, but from a harmonious arrangement of different 

 genera, species, and varieties. In order to secure the greatest pleas- 

 ure from shrubs in groups, each group should represent some idea 

 either of spirit or of rest, and always of beauty. These effects come 

 from the habit of growth of the plants used. Tall-growing, grace- 

 ful, reed-like plants produce an effect of grace and beauty, while 

 plants of a more sturdy habit may indicate strength and resistance. 



Producing Color Effects. Pleasing effects in shrubbery planta- 

 tions come also from massing sorts so as to produce a floral display 

 each month of the year. A group which blooms in May or June, 

 and which presents no additional feature other than a mass of foliage 

 from June until autumn, has little merit from a decorative point of 

 view. Variety is the secret of pleasing effects in shrubbery groups. 

 Glaring contrasts in habit of growth or in color of flowers or foliage 

 are as objectionable in planted groups as in tapestries, but reasonable 

 and harmonious contrasts only add beauty and variety to the land- 

 scape. Not only do the flowers and foliage of spring and summer 

 contribute to these results, but autumn colors add a most desirable 

 and valuable contribution to the season's panorama. 



Shrubs should be studied not alone from the standpoint of the 

 size, color, and profusion of their bloom, but the time of leafing 

 should be noted. The color of the leaf during summer as well as in 

 autumn is also important. But most important of all is the time the 

 leaves fall, whether early or late, or whether they remain on all 

 winter. 



The position of a shrub is as important as its kind. There are 

 two methods of arrangement. One is to plant them as individual 

 specimens, just as one does with most trees, where they will develop 

 their individual beauty. The second is to plant them so that they 

 will just touch each other when developed, and when seen together 

 make a mass rather than several individuals. Such a mass is usually 

 more effective if the plants are all of the same kind. Mass planting 

 is better than individual planting, when it comes to making pic- 

 turesque effects. It harmonizes better with the entire picture with- 

 out losing the characteristic beauty of the variety. 



There are two kinds of ornament. One is to give a useful 

 thing an ornamental form which is at the same time consistent with 



