FARM MANAGEMENT 93 



nozzles set at an angle, thus keeping the mixture continually agitated. 



In order to obviate frequent stoppage for the purpose of re- 

 filling the tank, the machine is provided with a tender a 50-gallon 

 tank hung between low, broad wheels and drawn by one horse. On 

 the left side of the machine is a rotary pump driven by a belt from 

 the engine, running over a friction clutch pulley, the discharge pipe 

 of this pump being carried into the top of the main tank and the 

 suction extending below the bed of the wagon. The spray material 

 is mixed in the tender, which is driven alongside the machine, and 

 connection made 'by a length of suction hose to the rotary pump; 

 the pump is thrown into gear, and in two minutes the 50 gallons of 

 mixture is transferred to the main tank without interfering in any 

 way with the work of the sprayers. The spray nozzles are placed 

 on the ends of extension rods of one-eighth or one-fourth inch 

 pipe covered with bamboo, each rod having a globe valve at its hose 

 end. The usual crew consists of six four sprayers, a driver, and a 

 boy to drive the tender. In ordinary work two rows of trees are 

 sprayed at a time, two men to a tree, but if the trees are very large 

 eight sprayers may operate economically. 



There are a number of other steam spraying machines on the 

 market, but it is not likely that the proprietor of a reasonably large 

 orchard will go to the expense of first cost of constructing a steam 

 spraying apparatus when he already has one operated by hand which 

 accomplishes the work economically and with a reasonable amount 

 of expedition. There is a geared automatic sprayer successfully used 

 in a large Virginia orchard. It is a simple apparatus which sprays 

 by means of an automatic gearing, the motion of the wheels of the 

 tank cart operating the pump by means of a gear chain and sprocket 

 w r heel. One spray can be directed at the top of the tree and the 

 other at the bottom. In this way one side of an entire row is quickly 

 treated. 



The steam apparatus in orchards, however, will be used to a 

 large extent. A man with a small capital and some mechanical 

 skill has a chance to make money as a public sprayer in a fruit grow- 

 ing region, and the use of the steam sprayer will likely be developed 

 along these lines. 



The steam sprayer is coming into larger use now that forest 

 conservation is attracting so much attention. Many forestry clubs 

 have supplied themselves with a steam apparatus. In some cases 

 large road engines are used coupled to an ordinary street watering 

 tank in which the spraying mixture is kept in solution. Small gaso- 

 line engines have also been used successfully. The motor and pump 

 of a gasoline machine will weigh about 300 pounds. The fuel for 

 a day's work can be carried in a gallon can. They are much in 

 favor with cities for use in public parks, and will prove equally suc- 

 cessful in orchards or in forest reserves. 



Machines for Preparing Stover. Machines are in use which 

 husk the corn and shred the stover at the same time. Many have 

 pronounced them economical, while some have questioned the ad- 

 vantages to be derived from them. Professor Nourse, of the Virginia 



