FARM MANAGEMENT 113 



A number of manufacturers of electrical appliances are now 

 producing small equipments for use in country places. These out- 

 fits consist of a generator which will furnish sufficient current for 

 twenty-five or thirty 16-candlepower lamps, together with a con- 

 trolling board and the necessary equipment for the installation. 

 The cost of an electric lighting plant of this nature, exclusive of 

 the engine, will be about equal to that of an acetylene gas plant. 

 Provision is generally made for running the generator with the 

 regular power provided for pumping water and doing other work 

 upon the farm. 



Water Supply. Whatever the source of supply a spring, a 

 well, a cistern, or a running brook considerable labor will be saved 

 by providing economical means of lifting the water and delivering 

 it where required for use. If a strong spring is available with plenty 

 of fall below it, the water may be forced to the house by means 

 of a hydraulic ram. The ram is the simplest of water-elevating 

 devices, and the cost of operating it is practically nothing, as the 

 waste from the spring acts as a source of power for the delivery of 

 a small, but constant, stream of water to the house. A ram will 

 give good service wherever the flow of the spring is upward of 5 

 gallons a minute, with a fall of 8 or 10 feet within 45 or 50 feet 

 below the spring. The water may be raised to a height of 60 or 75 

 feet above the spring, but not more than 6 or 8 per cent of the flow 

 will be delivered to the house. However, this is generally sufficient 

 for all domestic purposes. 



A very simple and satisfactory device consists of a high-grade 

 hand pump in the kitchen with a suction pipe leading to the bot- 

 tom of the well or spring. Water can be drawn a distance of 400 

 or 500 feet, provided the perpendicular rise is not more than 10 or 

 12 feet. Water can be lifted by a suction pump to a height of about 

 30 feet, but 25 feet is practically the limit for best results. For 

 each 25 feet of suction pipe when bringing water from a distance 

 an allowance of 1 foot less rise should be made. With a long suc- 

 tion pipe there should be a first-class foot valve on the end in the 

 well or spring to prevent the water in the pipe working back when 

 the pump is not in use. 



Many sources of power for the pumping of water are available, 

 such as windmills, hot-air engines, and oil or gasoline engines. 

 Steam power is, as a rule, not adapted to the pumping of water on 

 the farm, but with the increase in the number and efficiency of 

 gasoline outfits it is a simple matter to provide for lifting water to 

 a tank or delivering it direct to a house. There are small pumping 

 engines on the market that can be had for $60 to $75, and which 

 are arranged so that they may be bolted direct to the standard of 

 an ordinary force pump. 



Disposal of Sewage and Garbage. The disposal of sewage has 

 been a perplexing problem in the modern farmhouse. Three sys- 

 tems are in use. The ground available on one farm can not be, 

 and need not be, exactly the same as that used on another. If 

 the surface is almost level and under cultivation the subsurface 



