FARM MANAGEMENT 131 



through the bottom of the coils, which are located in the cooling 

 room. 



The space above the cooling room, if desired, might be util- 

 ized as a farm shop or for a cooperage if one were to be installed 

 in connection with an apple orchard. It would not be advisable to at- 

 tempt to install this system without having an experienced engineer 

 calculate the piping necessary for any given storage room as well as 

 the cooling tank. The question of installation is also a very impor- 

 tant one and should be carefully specified. 



Ice Chest. Where a less expensive cooler is desired an ice chest 

 will be found to serve a useful purpose. Such a chest can be made 

 from two boxes, one 12 inches longer and wider than the other and 6 

 inches deeper. If the inner box is 2 feet wide, 2 feet deep, and 3 feet 

 long, the outer box should be 3 feet wide, 4 feet long, and 30 inches 

 deep. The inner box, which should be made of matched white pine or 

 cypress, should be lined with zinc and provided with a drip pipe in 

 the bottom near one end and a metal grating 12 inches from that end, 

 so as to make a cage in which to store a block of ice. A layer of 6 

 inches of cork dust or dry white-pine shavings should be placed in the 

 bottom of the larger box after it has been lined with waterproof build- 

 ing paper. Place the smaller box on the layer of insulation, making 

 provision for the drain, and then pack the same insulating material 

 tightly in the space between the outer and inner box. Fit a board 

 over the packing between boxes so as to cover the edges of both. 

 Then hinge a thick well-insulated cover to the outer box, which 

 should fit tightly and be large enough to cover the entire top of the 

 chest. The joints can be made tight by weather strips and felt. The 

 cover should be provided with a counter weight and a good ice-chest 

 hasp to hold it in place. (Y. B. 1909; F. B. 126; Of. Ex. Sta. F. I. 

 Lee. 8; P. B. 475.) 



The Sanitary Privy. The subject of farm buildings can hardly 

 be considered closed without some reference to the subject of sanita- 

 tion, particularly as it concerns the disposal of sewage. 



The farmhouse which is supplied with abundant water, either 

 running or so stored as to give a sufficient force, can easily be further 

 provided with a flush-out water-closet and a sewer constructed of vit- 

 rified sewer pipe of sufficient length to carry sewage beyond the pos- 

 sibility of land or water contamination. But the farm dwelling witE 

 these advantages is, unfortunately, the exception rather than the rule, 

 and therefore some other means for sewage disposal must be provided. 



The most common form, and, when properly constructed, prob- 

 ably the cheapest and best, is the privy. As commonly constructed, 

 witn a vault of more or less depth, this useful contrivance is not only 

 extremely obnoxious, but is a menace to health. The supposition 

 that because the privy stands on slightly lower ground than the top of 

 the well, and that because the well can not become infected by surface 

 drainage there is no danger to be apprehended from the privy, is all 

 too common. It is practically impossible to judge by the surface of 

 the ground of the various strata of soil below, some of them capable 

 of conveying sewage contamination several hundred feet. The very 



