FARM MANAGEMENT 171 



ficiently to make that year a normal one. Per capita ratios of cattle, 

 sheep, and swine on farms and ranges, not including calves and 

 lambs under 1 year, have been computed for each of the three classes 

 named and for each of the seven national censuses. Leaving out of 

 the question the census of 1870 as unworthy of consideration, it ap- 

 pears that the ratio of cattle to population since 1840 was lowest in 

 1900, although highest in 1890, which was in the great range period. 

 With regard to sheep the lowest ratio was in 1900, when it was less 

 than one-half the ratio of 1840 and but little more than half the 

 ratio of 1850. The swine ratio to population was lowest in 1900 and 

 presents an unbroken decline from 1840, 1870 being out of con- 

 sideration. 



Number of Cattle, Sheep, and Swine on Farms and Ranges, POT 

 Capita, 1840-1900; Not Including Calves and Lambs Under One 

 Year. 



Imports of Farm and Forest Products, 1907-1909. The value 

 of farm products imported into the United States during the year 

 ending June 30, 1909, amounted to $639,000,000, an increase of 

 $99,000,000 over the previous year and $12,000,000 more than in 

 1907. The value of all merchandise imported in 1909 was $1,312,- 

 000,000, an increase of $118,000,000 as compared with 1908, and a 

 decrease of $123,000,000 compared with 1907; the imports of farm 

 products formed such a large proportion .of the total imports as to 

 show a percentage for the three years, respectively, of 43.7, 45.2, 

 and 48.7 per cent. 



The imports of forest products in 1909 exceeded in value those 

 of each previous year and were valued at $124,000,000, an increase 

 over the previous year of $26,000,000 and $1,500,000 more than in 

 1907. Of the enormous increase over 1908, $25,000,000 was due 

 to india rubber, the article that caused more than 90 per cent of the 

 big decline in the total of 1908 from that of 1907. 



The grand divisions as sources of imports of farm products into 

 the United States in each of the years 1909, 1908 and 1907, named 

 in the order of their importance as judged by value were: Europe, 

 North America, Asia, South America, Oceania, and Africa. In the 

 order of their importance as sources of imports of forest products in 

 1909, they were: North America, South America, Eurpoe, Asia, 

 Oceania, and Africa. The relative rank of the grand divisions as 

 sources of imports of farm and forest products was the same for 1907 

 and 1908 as for 1909 with one exception. North America ranked 

 second as a source of imports of forest products in 1907, but rose to 



