174 MISCELLANEOUS FARM SUBJECTS 



ton-seed oil cake and oil-cake meal, $0.15 ; oleo oil, $0.15 ; oats, $0.05 ; 

 and all other products, $1.32 ; making a total of $10.88 per capita. 

 The corresponding total for 1851-1855 was $5.85, which was made up 

 as follows: Cotton, $3.84; wheat and wheat flour, $0.76; tobacco, 

 $0.43; pork, $0.26; lard, $0.15; corn, $0.14; beef, $0.08; and other 

 articles, $0.19. 



The per capita value of cattle exported in 1901-1905 is one hun- 

 dred times as great as in 1851-1855. Products not separately re- 

 corded so early, in which a heavy export trade sprang up within the 

 period covered by this bulletin, are oleo oil, cotton-seed oil, and cot- 

 ton-seed oil cake and oil-cake meal. The value for tobacco showed 

 a decrease. There were also increases in beef, pork, lard, corn, wheat 

 (including flour), and cotton. 



Among the prominent commodities, the per capita exports of 

 which increased tenfold or more in quantity from 1851-1855 to 1901- 

 1905, were cattle, oleo oil, oats, cotton-seed oil, and cotton-seed oil 

 cake and meal. In the first five-year period the number of cattle 

 exported averaged per annum one animal for every 20,000 popula- 

 tion of the United States, and in 1901-1905 one animal for every 

 167 population, or, on the basis of 100,000 population, an average 

 of 5 head during the first period and 600 head during the last. 



The figures for the other items just mentioned were not avail- 

 able for 1851-1855, but the increase for the time given and the pre- 

 sumption that in the earlier period the exports were very small, if 

 any, entitle those items to be classed with those whose quantity in- 

 creased at least ten times in the period. 



Prominent articles, the per capita exports of which increased in 

 quantity less than tenfold, but at least fivefold, include beef, pork, 

 lard, and corn. 



The per capita exports of wheat, including flour, and of cotton 

 increased less than fivefold in quantity. In 1851-1855 the average 

 annual exports of wheat per capita were 0.6 bushel and in 1901-1905, 

 2 bushels. Of the 11 five-year periods from 1851 to 1905 continu- 

 ously the per capita exports of cotton were more than 40 pounds per 

 annum. In 1861-1865 the exports fell to 2.1 pounds per capita, 

 but from that period each successive five-year average showed an in- 

 crease over the preceding one. In 1891-1895 the average for 1851- 

 1855 was exceeded. The highest five-year average for the quantity of 

 cotton exported per capita was in 1856-1860, when it reached 44.8 

 pounds. The exports of tobacco per capita decreased from an annual 

 average of 5.3 pounds in 1851-1855 to 4.1 pounds in 1901-1905. 



Comparing 1896-1900 with 1901-1905, the quantity exported 

 per capita of the following prominent products showed decreases in 

 the latter period: Beef, pork,, lard, corn, oats, wheat (including 

 flour), cotton-seed oil, and tobacco. Among the products whose cor- 

 responding averages showed increases in 1901-1905 over the pre- 

 ceding five-year averages were cattle, oleo oil, cotton, and cotton-seed 

 oil cake and meal. 



Fruits have recently become an important element in the ex- 

 port trade, their value in 1908 being $12,000,000 and in 1851 only 



