FARM MANAGEMENT 175 



$71,000. The principal fruits exported in 1908, in order of value, 

 were fresh apples, dried apples, prunes, and oranges. The largest 

 exports of fruit were in 1904, when they amounted to $20,000,000, 

 of which fresh apples, prunes, dried apples, and oranges made more 

 than $12,000,000. 



Exports of hops have fluctuated widely. The exports in 1855 

 were 4,000,000 pounds; in 1860, 300,000; 1861, 8,800,000; 1866, 

 350,000; 1870, 16,000,000; 1874, 100,000; 1878, 18,000,000; 1887, 

 260,000; 1889, 13,000,000; 1899, 21,000,000; 1903, 8,000,000; and 

 1908, the largest on record, 23,000,000 pounds. 



From 1851 to 1861, inclusive, exports of rice ranged from 39,- 

 000,000 to 82,000,000 pounds a year, but from 1871 to 1899, inclu- 

 sive, there were only two years in which the exports exceeded 1 ,000,- 

 000 pounds. In 1900 they reached 13,000,000 pounds, but in 1901 

 dropped back to only 1,100,000 and in 1902 to 600,000 pounds. The 

 abnormal exports of 1905 75,000,000 pounds were followed in 

 1906 by 4,000,000 pounds, and in 1907 and 1908 by successively 

 smaller exports. (Bu. Stats. B. 75.) 



The principal countries to which meat animals are exported from 

 the United States with values of animals exported in 1906 are: United 

 Kingdom ($38,222,472), Cuba ($2,023,876), Canada ($1,071,854), 

 and Belgium ($918,620). The principal countries to which meat 

 and other packing house products are exported from the United 

 States with values in 1906 are: United Kingdom ($112,713,772), 

 Germany ($30,066,997), Netherlands ($19,793,818), Belgium ($8,- 

 203,000), and Cuba ($5,754,738). (Bu. Stats. B. 55.) 



Europe Consumes More Meat Than It Produces. The United 

 Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland is not only the greatest in- 

 dustrial but also the greatest meat-eating country of Europe. It is 

 not surprising, therefore, to find that the imports of meat animals, 

 meats, and other packing-house products into the United Kingdom 

 are enormous, reaching the total sum of almost $300,000,000 per 

 annum, and the imports of these products are rapidly growing. Im- 

 ported meat finds a better market in the United Kingdom than in 

 any other European country. Certain live animals are forbidden to 

 be brought from foreign countries, as cattle from Argentina and 

 swine from the United States, but the importation of meat is encour- 

 aged. By far the greater part of the meat imported into Europe 

 comes from three regions. The most important includes that part 

 of the United States east of the Rocky Mountains and that part of 

 the Province of Ontario, Canada, lying east of Lake Huron ; the 

 second in importance is situated along the River Plata and lies almost 

 wholly in Argentina; and the third great surplus region is New 

 Zealand and Australia. The leading meat products of the United 

 States and Canada are cured pork, lard, and fresh beef; Argentina 

 supplies fresh beef and fresh mutton; and the leading product of 

 Australasia is frozen mutton. (Bu. Stats. B. 40.) 



Russia being primarily an agricultural country with an enor- 

 mous export of grain, and the Russian people consuming very 

 small quantities of meats, the imports of meat animals and packing- 



