176 MISCELLANEOUS FARM SUBJECTS 



house products are very small and do not show any strong tendency 

 to increase. 



The main articles of imports are cattle (annual average for the 

 three years, 1901-3, $954,000) ; sheep and goats (annual average, 

 $997,000) ; and animal fats ($1,838,000). Asia is the main source 

 of the live animals imported. On the other hand, the packing-house 

 products come in mainly across the European frontier, the United 

 Kingdom supplying 59.2 per cent, evidently re-exports, while Ger- 

 many contributed 17.7 per cent. Animal fats constituted the main 

 packing-house product, equaling 80.9 per cent of all the packing- 

 house products during 1901-1903. About three-fourths of the fats 

 came from the United Kingdom and one-eighth from Germany. 

 The direct share of the United States in this trade is very insignifi- 

 cant. The average imports from the United States in 1901-1903 

 were $130,000. The only products the imports of which from this 

 country are of importance are the animal fats, and of all of these 

 products imported into Russia the share of the United States was 

 only 6.1 per cent in 1901-1903. (Bu. Stats. B. 41.) 



In Canada, owing to the cold climate the livestock industry is 

 confined to farms chiefly ; for the animals require shelter during the 

 winter, and keeping large herds on open ranges throughout the year 

 is generally not practicable. Most of the live stock of the Dominion 

 is in the region lying east of Lake Huron. Of the 5,600,000 cattle 

 in the country in 1901, all but 1,000,000 were in Ontario, Quebec, 

 and the Maritime Provinces, and in Ontario alone there were 2,500,- 

 000. The number in this Province increased to 2,800,000 in 1904. 

 The census for 1901 reported 2,400,000 swine in the Dominion, of 

 which 2,100,000 were east of Lake Huron and 1,600,000 were in 

 Ontario. In 1904 there were 1,900,000 swine in Ontario. 



Of the live meat animals exported from Canada, the most im- 

 portant are cattle. The exports of cattle in 1904 were valued at 

 $10,000,000, an increase of $3,000,000 in 10 years. The value of 

 exported sheep experienced no marked increase or decrease during 

 the years 1895-1904, and the exports of swine, although much larger 

 than in earlier years, were relatively unimportant during 1902-1904. 

 A large number of Canadian cattle are exported by way of the 

 United States ports. During the year ending June 30, 1904, more 

 than 40,000 Canadian cattle passed through United States ports on 

 their way to foreign countries. According to the report of the Ca- 

 nadian minister of agriculture for 1902 the Canadian exporter of 

 cattle was at a disadvantage as compared with his United States com- 

 petitor. Freight charges on cattle in Canada were said to be higher 

 than in the United States, and the United States cattle were gentler 

 and more easily handled in cars and on shipboard, and hence were 

 delivered in better condition to the British buyers than were the 

 wilder cattle of western Canada- 

 Bacon is the most valuable of the packing-house products ex- 

 ported from Canada, Its value in 1904 was nearly $13,000,000, and 

 in 1903 it exceeded $15,000,000. All other packing-house products 



