246 



(3). That the three principal objects sought in the care of fal- 

 low land moisture conservation, prevention or eradication of weeds, 

 and preparation of seed bed are best secured by shallow cultivation 

 of sufficient frequency to maintain the surface of the soil in a fairly 

 loose and well-pulverized state, and that the importance of culti- 

 vating at the proper time is paramount. 



(4). That only clean and pure seed of the best variety for the 

 locality should be planted. 



(5). That all wheat seed should be treated with a formalin solu- 

 tion to prevent bunt, and that smut balls should be removed from 

 the seed before treatment. 



(6). That both very early and very late planting should be 

 avoided, experience at the substation strongly favoring September 20 

 to October 20 as the best time to plant winter wheat. 



(7). That spring grains should be planted as soon as possible 

 after the surface soil has become dry enough to be worked without 

 danger of excessive packing or puddling. 



(8). That the most satisfactory rates for seeding so far deter- 

 mined are as follows : Wheat, 35 to 45 pounds per acre ; winter bar- 

 ley and spring barley, 5 pecks per acre ; winter oats, 6 pecks per acre ; 

 spring oats, 4 to 5 pecks per acre, the lower rate being favored for the 

 drier localities. 



(9). That the most desirable depth for planting wheat on a 

 well-prepared seed bed is about 3 inches. 



(10) . That broadcasting should never be practiced in grain pro- 

 duction ; all grain should be drilled. 



(11). That it is sometimes advisable to harrow fall-planted 

 grain in the fall to break up the surface crust and that this is not 

 often necessary except with early planted grain ; that spring harrow- 

 ing is frequently advisable, particularly on heavy clay soils, and that 

 there is ordinarily no danger of injuring the plants by harrowing at 

 any time before June 1. 



(12). That the indications so far are against growing wheat 

 continuously and in favor of at least alternate fallowing, where wheat 

 is the only crop grown on a field. 



(13) . That the test of growing intertilled crops in place of alter- 

 nate fallowing has given some results that indicate the practicability 

 of substituting potatoes and, possibly, corn. 



Authorities Consulted, and Extracts Taken from Many. Y. B. 

 1903; Bu. Pit. Ind. Bs. 20, 59, 60, 61, 70, 187, 188, 203, 215; Div. 

 Veg. Phys. Cir. 18; F. B. 294; Ariz. Univ. Bs. 27, 43, 48, 61; Colo. 

 E. S. Bs. 14, 15, 17; Colo. Ag. Col. Bs. 123, 145; Univ. Idaho B. 62; 

 Kans. Ag. Col. Bs. 18, 92, 93, 99, 100, 102 ; Mont. Ag. Col. Bs. 3, 

 61, 63, 83; N. Hex. Ag. Col. B. 61; Univ. Nebr. B. 78; S. Dak. E. S. 

 B. 58; S. Dak. Ag. Col. Bs. 77, 82, 99; Tex. E. S. B. 115; 10th Ann. 

 Kept. F. I. Utah; Wyo. Univ. Bs. 18, 80. 



CO-OPERATION. 



Co-operation among farmers has become a necessity to meet 

 existing conditions. Without it they are in a measure at the mercy 

 of others. Organization is the keynote of success. The most 



