148 HOW WASTES ARE REMOVED FROM THE HOME 



in, and the lids of the seats should be close-fitting. Earth 

 mixed with lime should be used constantly to keep the waste 

 material in the receiving vault covered so that flies cannot 

 get to it. In most homes nowadays it is quite possible 

 to have indoor toilets and pass the waste material along 

 with the kitchen and other wastes into an underground 



sewer in cities and 

 into cesspools or 

 septic tanks in the 

 country. 



The modern bath- 

 room. Most houses 

 nowadays have a 

 warm indoor bath- 

 room, furnished with 

 all the fixtures shown 

 in the illustration ; a 

 washbasin, bathtub, 

 mirror, cupboard, 

 towel racks, stool, 

 and toilet. Not very 

 many years ago it 

 was thought proper 

 to cover all the 

 plumbing with 

 wood, but this is insanitary, because it makes an excellent 

 place for germs to lodge and grow. Now we find bath- 

 rooms furnished with one-piece sanitary bowls, and tubs 

 made either of porcelain or metal, everything raised from 

 the floor, with all parts easy to get at in case of repair. 

 A tub with cold water at least is an essential part of a bath- 

 room, and a shower bath if the water supply is sufficient, 



A modern bathroom. 



