CLASSIFICATION OF VERTEBRATA 14 



Menopoma alleghaniense. Mississippi basin ; with 



spiracle. 



Amphiuma means. SE. United States ; with spiracle. 

 Proteidae. External gills persistent. Maxillaries absent. 

 Premaxillaries and mandible toothed. No eyelids. 



Necturus = Menobranchus maculatus, in North America. 

 Proteus anguinus, in Carniola. 



Sirenidae. External gills persistent. Maxillaries absent. 

 Jaws toothless. No eyelids. 



Siren lacertina. South-eastern United States. 

 Pseudobranchus striatus. Georgia. 



2. Order Apoda, Oppel. Pseudocentrous. Tail extremely 

 short. Limbs and girdles absent. Skin covered by numerous 

 imbricating concealed dermal scales, which are arranged in rings. 



Coeciliidae. About twenty-five species in tropical countries. 

 Palaeotropical and neotropical. 



Ichthyophis. Indian and Malayan. 

 Coecilia. Neotropical. Other genera in South America 

 and in Africa, excluding Madagascar. 



3. Order Anura, Dumeril. Notocentrous. Caudal 

 vertebrae transformed into a coccyx during metamorphosis. 

 Ilio- sacral connexion extremely preacetabular. Fore- and 

 hind-limbs always well developed. 



1. Sub -order PHANEROGLOSSA, Wagler. With a 

 tongue. Eustachian tubes opening separately at the base of 

 the cranium. Larva with one spiracle only, either on the left 

 side (majority) or median (Discoglossidae). 



a. ARCIFERA, Cope. Distal portions of the coracoids and 

 precoracoids connected with each other by a cartilaginous arch, 

 and that of the one side overlapping that of the other. 



1. Cystignathidae. Upper jaw toothed. Diapophyses of 

 sacral vertebrae cylindrical or slightly dilated. 



Terminal phalanges not claw-shaped. Procoelous, no ribs 

 Arboreal, aquatic, terrestrial, or burrowing. 

 Neotropical and Australian. Numerous genera, e.g. 

 Pseudis. South America. 

 Hylodes. Tropical America. 

 Ceratophrys. South America. 

 Chiroleptes. Australia. 



