CLA SSIFICA TION OF VER TEBRA TA 1 6 



Coracoids and precoracoids not overlapping, nor fused with 

 those of the other side. 



A few species in S. America. 



b. FIRMISTERNIA, Cope. Coracoids firmly united with each 

 other. 



9. Ranidae, Bonaparte. Upper jaw toothed. Sacral 

 diapophyses cylindrical, or very slightly dilated. 



Procoelous. Without ribs. Since the Miocene. 



Kana. Cosmopolitan, excluding Patagonia, New Zealand 



and Australia ; but one species in Cape York peninsula. 



Ehacophorus and numerous other genera, chiefly palaeo- 



tropical ; few neotropical, none periarctic. 

 10. Dendrobatidae. No teeth; otherwise like the Neo- 

 tropical Eanidae. 



Dendrobates. Tropical America. 

 Mantella. Madagascar. 



11. Engystomatidae. Maxilla toothless. Sacral diapo- 

 physes dilated. Procoelous, without ribs. 



Numerous genera, almost entirely palaeotropical and neo- 

 tropical. 



Ehinoderma. Chili. 



12. Dyscophidae. Upper jaw toothed, otherwise like the 

 previous family. 



A few species in Madagascar and India. 



2. Sub-order AGLOSSA, Wagler. Probably a heterogeneous 

 group of degraded forms specialised by absolutely aquatic life. 



No tongue. Eustachian tubes united medioventrally. 

 Larva with two symmetrical spiracles. 



No tympanum. Opisthocoelous, epichordal vertebrae. 



Shoulder-girdle of the arciferous type, but the two halves 

 do not overlap. Sacral diapophyses strongly dilated. 



1. Xenopidae. Upper jaw toothed, with a long, epipubic 

 cartilage ; unique. 



Xenopus. Ethiopian. 



2. Pipidae. No teeth. 

 Pipa americana. Guiana. 



