CLASSIFICATION OF VERTEBRATA 48 



phalanges strongly curved. Carpalia and tarsalia alternating. 

 Pibula complete, articulating with the calcaneum. 

 Tertiary epoch : 



Homalodontotherium. Eocene, Patagonia. 

 Macrotherium. Miocene, Europe. 



Chalicotherium (Ancylotherium). Upper Miocene of 

 Europe and India. 



9. Sub-order ARTIODACTYLA (Cuvier), Owen. Digiti- 

 grade. The functional axis passes between the third and 

 fourth toes. 



Carpalia and tarsalia alternating. 



Fibula articulating with the astragalus and calcaneum. 

 Placenta diffused or cotyledonary, non-deciduous. 

 Stomach complex. Caecum small. 



A. BUNODONTA, Kowalewsky. Molars tubercular. Car- 

 palia, tarsalia, and metapodials separate. Placenta diffuse. 



Suidae. Cosmopolitan, excluding Australian region minus 

 New Guinea. 



Choeropotamus and Cebochoerus. Upper Eocene, Europe. 

 Elotherium. Oligocene of Europe and lower Miocene of 



North America. 



Sus. Since Miocene in Europe. Recent in the palae- 

 arctic and Indian regions, and Indo-Malayan islands, 

 including New Guinea. 

 Babirusa. Celebes. 



Phaeochoerus. Ethiopian, extinct in Madagascar. 

 Dicotyles. North and South America. 

 Hippopotamidae. Hippopotamus. Since the Pliocene in 

 Asia and Europe. Now in the Ethiopian sub-region, recently 

 extinct in Madagascar. 



Anthracotheridae. Upper Eocene to Miocene. 

 Anthracotheriuni. Europe and India. 

 Hyopotamus. Europe and North America. 

 Merycopotamus. India. 



Oreodontidae. Eocene to Pliocene of America. 

 Protoreodon. Eocene, U.S.A. 

 Oreodon. Miocene, U.S.A. 

 Diplotremus. Pliocene, South America. 

 Anoplotheridae. Eocene to lower Miocene of Europe. 



