CLASSIFICATION OF VERTEBRATA 49 



Dichobune, Caenotherium, Anoplotherium, Xiphodon. 

 B. SELENODONTA, Kowalewsky, s. RUMINANTIA, Vicq. 

 d'Azyr. The tubercles of the molars are transformed into 

 longitudinally placed half-moons. Third and fourth metapodials 

 fused. Euminating. 



Tragulidae. Placenta diffuse. Since the upper Eocene. 

 Gelocus. Upper Eocene, Europe. 

 Leptomeryx. Miocene, North America. 

 Eoauchenia. Upper Miocene, South America. 

 Dorcatherium. Miocene of Europe and India ; recent : 

 Tragulus, Malay Islands, Ceylon, and India; 

 Hyaemoschus, West Africa. 

 Camelidae. Placenta diffuse. 



Poebrotherium, Procamelus. Miocene, U.S.A. 

 Auchenia. Since Pliocene in South America. 

 Camelus. Since upper Miocene in India, Plistocene in 

 Siberia ; recent in Central Asia, introduced into Africa. 

 Pecora. Placenta with cotyledons. 



a. Cervidae * s. Cervicornia. Frontal bony excrescences, if 

 present, during their growth surrounded by hairy skin which 

 is deciduous. 



a. Without frontal excrescences. 



Until the middle Miocene. 



Eecent : Moschus and Hydropotes. Central Asia. 



I. With bony cores, permanently covered with skin. 



Helladotherium and Samotherium. Upper Miocene of 



South Europe and India. 

 Giraffa. Since upper Miocene of South Europe and 



India ; now Ethiopian sub-region. 

 Sivatherium. Upper Miocene, Sivalik. 



c. With bony cores or antlers, which are periodically shed ; 

 cosmopolitan except African and Australian regions. 



Cervulus. SE. Asia. 



Cervus, Alces, Eangifer, Capreolus. 



d. Bony core permanent, horns deciduous. 

 Antilocapra. North America. 



/3. Bovidae, s. Cavicornia. Males, and most females, with 

 permanent "horns" of epidermal origin, surrounding a bony core. 



1 The distinction between Cervidae and Bovidae is fanciful. 



