CLASSIFICA TION OF VERTEBRA TA 5 1 



Viverridae. Palaearctic and palaeotropical regions. 

 Yiverra since the Eocene; Herpestes, Paradoxurus. 

 Cryptoprocta. Madagascar. 



Felidae. Felis, since the Pliocene epoch, now cosmopolitan 

 excluding Australian region, Madagascar and Antilles. Cynael- 

 urus, from Cape through Persia to South India. 



Machaerodus. Eocene to Plistocene in Europe, Asia, 

 and South America ; Smilodon, Plistocene, America. 

 Proaelurus, Pseudaelurus, Nimravus in Miocene of 

 America and Europe. 



3. Sub-order PINNIPEDIA, llliger. Anterior and posterior 

 extremities transformed into paddles, the toes being completely 

 connected by webs. Scaphoid and lunar bones coalesced. 

 Marine cosmopolitan. Since the upper Miocene. 

 PJiocidae. Chiefly arctic and periarctic seas ; landlocked in 

 Lake Baikal and Caspian. Phoca, Cystophora, etc., since Miocene. 



Macrorhinus leoninus, Eastern Pacific and Antarctic. 

 Otariidae. Pacific ocean and southern temperate seas. 



Otaria. Since the Pliocene epoch. 

 Trichecidae. Arctic seas; Plistocene, France. 



Trichechus. 



7. Order Insectivora, Cuvier. Dentition complete, 

 diphyodont, heterodont ; not less than two pairs of lower 

 incisors. Plantigrade. Clavicles present. 

 Placenta discoidal, deciduous. 



Cosmopolitan with the exception of the Australian region 

 and the South American continent. 



1. Sub-order INSECTIVORA VERA, Flower. Limbs free. 

 Incisors conical. 



Tupajidae. Oriental : Tupaja, Ptilocercus. 

 Macroscelidae. Ethiopian: Macroscelides. 

 Erinaceidae. Palaearctic and palaeotropical. 



Necrogymnurus, Eocene, France. Gymnura, Malayan. 

 Erinaceus. Since the Miocene ; palaearctic, Ethiopian, 



and cisgangetic Indian. 



Soricidae. Periarctic : Sorex. Periarctic and palaeotropical 

 including Madagascar : Crocidura. 



Talpidae. Periarctic. Myogale, Europe, since Miocene. 

 Talpa. Palaearctic since Oligocene. Condylura, Nearctic. 



