all these ? he has no science, no habit of extensive combina- 

 tions, and a regular army cannot be maintained by rapine 

 and confiscation. It is only on parade, we are convinced, 

 that an army of Turks can be made to resemble the army of 

 a civilized nation ; in the field it will have no commissariat, 

 no supplies, no succours for the. wounded, nor concerted 

 means of retreat; every repulse will be a rout, and every 

 defeat dispersion. The illustration of this may be found 

 in the fortune of the Egyptian army; the massacre of the 

 Mamelukes, and the organisation of a new military force 

 by the Viceroy of Egypt, excited the emulation of the Turk ; 

 but Mehemet AH had more ample funds as well as more 

 plastic materials for the work than the Grand Signior; and 

 the organization of his army would, nevertheless, disgrace 

 a civilized nation. The camp of Ibrahim Pasha, without 

 hospitals or provisions, is wasted by famine and disease, 

 and the wretched soldiers, left to shift for themselves, 

 suffer more from military execution than from the sword 

 of the enemy. 



We are, therefore, justified in concluding that it is 

 morally impossible to reform the Turks ; the sultan cannot 

 create an effective army on European principles, without 

 altering the whole system of society and the practice of his 

 government; he cannot meddle with existing institutions 

 without trenching on the sanctity of a religious legislation ; 

 and if he give offence to the prejudices of a bigoted people, 

 how can he think of summoning the faithful to the standard 

 of the Prophet ? or how will he be able to affirm, in the lan- 

 guage of the imperial mandate, " that the Sublime Porte 

 being the court of Mahomet, must, of necessity, endure till 

 the day of judgment ? " Two-thirds of his subjects feel no 

 interest in the integrity of his empire ; the spirited and docile 

 Greek has felt the contact of civilization, and the principle 

 of alienation is actively at work. 



Thus the fierce and haughty empire of the Ottomans, 

 which once daunted all Europe with its fame, is now fast 

 approaching to its end ; and the chief impulse is given to its 

 downfall by a people whose very language inspires the 

 hatred of barbarians ; who rise from obscurity, degradation, 

 and servitude, to revenge the affront so long offered to that 



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