ing, and, tossing his sword in a fit of reckless despair, 

 struck it against something which gave a tinkling sound; 

 this proved to be a casket of money, with which he raised 

 new forces and commenced a more successful career. A 

 hidden treasure occasioned the death of Czerni George; 

 after having obtained high rank in the Russian service, 

 he imprudently entered the Turkish territory, for the pur- 

 pose of recovering a treasure which he had buried near 

 Semandria ; he was recognised and decapitated at Belgrade. 



Another vice, engendered by ambition and continual 

 fear, is dissimulation; the necessity of this is inculcated by 

 a terrific Turkish proverb, which says that a man, in order 

 to be safe, must be deaf, dumb and blind. Raghib 

 Pasha, the Vizir of Mustapha III., and one of the chief 

 ornaments of Turkish literature, was esteemed the model 

 of an accomplished Turk ; yet, according to Sir James 

 Porter, who knew him well, he was a second Tiberius. 

 His favourite maxim was to hunt the hare in a waggon, 

 that is, to proceed in every affair by covert means, and 

 without precipitation. The description which Dr. Holland 

 gives us of the Pasha of Janina presents a lively idea of 

 the Turkish physiognomy; the calm countenance of Ali, 

 he says, always reminded him of the intense glow of a 

 heated stove. All the mental discipline of a Turk consists 

 in the repression of his furious passions. From habitual 

 pomp, formality, and dissimulation, some forms of polite- 

 ness will necessarily arise, and these, in fact, constitute a 

 principal branch of Ottoman education ; but we must not 

 suppose that Turkish politeness has anything to do with 

 refined feelings of delicacy of sentiment; the abominations 

 of the puppet shows and ombres chinotses, which, amuse 

 the grandees, are a sufficient proof of the contrary. 



A proud barbarian delights in the display of his superi- 

 ority, and inflicts the greatest tortures in order to show his 

 power; the Turks, indeed, appear to be naturally cruel, 

 and seldom throw off their listless melancholy unless when 

 they have an opportunity of shedding blood. We need 

 not say anything of the pyramids of skulls constructed 

 Gazi Hassan in the Morea, nor of the fillets of ears and 

 noses which have latelv decorated the walls of the Seraglio. 



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