the old civilisation of China and of India ; they ruined the Aryan 

 culture of Samarkand and Bokhara ; they ruined: the Arab 

 Empire of the Caliphs which had played such a notable part in 

 the beneficent renaissance of nearer Asia and North Africa ; 

 they ruined the Byzantine empire of Graeco-Roman origin ; 

 they ruined in the eighteenth century the splendid Persia 

 of the Sufi kings. They did their utmost to destroy 

 that Armenia which the Graeco-Romans had respected. The 

 Turkish spirit had but one meritorious feature : physical 

 bravery. Because the original Turkish tribes were bolder 

 riders, more stubborn fighters than the " softer " races to the 

 west and south of them so they prevailed. Much as the Ger- 

 mans by their fighting qualities imposed themselves as rulers in 

 every part of the Roman Empire. 



The immigration of the Teutonic tribes between the fourth 

 and the fifteenth centuries gave the necessary new vigour to 

 the rather decadent lands of the Kelts and the Latins ; but the 

 indigenous peoples of Romania were sufficiently numerous, well 

 organised and near of kin with the Goth, the Scandinavian, 

 the Frank, and the Swabian to react against Germania. There 

 was scarcely even a transient check to human progress. 



But wherever the Turk imposed his rule the results have 

 been disastrous. They are apparent to the eye in Nearer Asia, 

 in Greece, in Thrace, in Macedonia, and North Africa. There 

 will be no cure for these stricken regions until the Turkish 

 name as that of a ruling caste has been erased from mundane 

 statistics. Then we shall find that be they Christians or be 

 they Muslims there is much abiding virtue in, much happy 

 promise before the diverse peoples of the former Turkish 

 Empire. But we shall need to know them as Kurd and 

 Armenian, Syrians and Arabs, Jews and Greeks, Arabs and 

 Cilicians, Phrygians and Lazis. In my humble opinion the 

 only way that continuity might be secured over Thrace and 

 Asia Minor for the rule of Constantinople is for the Ottoman 

 Empire by a few bold strokes of the pen to announce that it has 

 thrown off its Turkish kaftan and turban, and resumes the 

 name and dress of Byzantium. 



But to Armenia within its natural ethnic limits autonomy and 

 independence must be secured. It is not so much a matter of 



