20 ENGLISH WOODLANDS 



should be the same. A convenient and usual 

 plan is a modification of square-planting. 

 According to this plan each alternate row com- 

 mences at a distance from the base-line equal 

 to half the planting distance. The trees are 

 diagonal to those on each side, instead of being 

 parallel as they would be in square-planting. 

 The quincunx is a ground-plan, according to 

 which anciently the olive trees in Southern 

 Europe were planted. It is claimed to be the 

 best for the health of the trees and the attractive 

 appearance of the plantation. In Johnson's 

 Dictionary it is described as " A plantation of 

 trees, disposed originally in a square consisting 

 of five trees, one at each corner and a fifth in 

 the middle, which disposition, repeated again 

 and again, forms a regular grove, wood, or 

 wilderness ; and when viewed by an angle of 

 the square or parallelogram, presents equal or 

 parallel alleys." It is unsuitable for forestry 

 generally, but it is a convenient way of laying 

 out a grove on level ground where it is intended 

 that there should be no thinning and the amount 

 of expense and time that can be spent on planting 

 is not strictly limited. 



Planting is done in two ways, by notching 

 and by holeing. In notching, the turf is cut by 



