PLANTING 21 



a spade and then another cut is made at right 

 angles to the first cut, the turf is raised by the 

 spade and the tree inserted at the junction of 

 the two cuts, and the turf pressed down. This 

 method of planting is economical and gives 

 good results where it is practicable. In England 

 it is often impossible. The spade cannot be 

 used where the ground is stony or full of roots. 

 And even where there is turf on the ground it 

 is sometimes so thick that the soil under it is 

 always perfectly dry. 



In holeing, the soil is first loosened with a 

 pick and then stirred with a spade. In the hole 

 so made, the tree is planted and the soil trodden 

 firmly round the stem. If there is any turf it 

 is cut into two pieces and placed grass down- 

 wards on each side of the tree. 



The usual height of the plant is about 9 to 

 18 inches in notching, and 18 to 30 inches in 

 holeing. In some cases 3-foot plants are used. 

 Plants which exceed 3 feet in height show a 

 noticeable increase in cost, weight, and liability 

 to be shaken by the wind. 



It is very important that in the spring follow- 

 ing the planting each plant should be visited 

 and the soil near the stem firmly pressed down 

 by the feet. It is inevitable that some plants 



