AND MAKING CIDER. 219 



should be permitted to remain ; and this should 

 be trained up, with a single stem, to the utmost 

 height of its growth, and never stop'd or cut 

 back. The horizontal branches or head will then 

 be found to form itself, by pushing out shoots 

 immediately around the point of the year's per- 

 pendicular shoot or stem ; and as this will be 

 long or short, according to the soil and situation, 

 the horizontal tiers of branches will be at pro- 

 portional and proper distances ; and thus the tree 

 will assume the shape and growth of the fir or the 

 wild cherry-tree. If any irregular shoots should 

 push out on the sides of the stem, or too many 

 horizontals, they may be removed. And if the 

 perpendicular stem or leading shoot should be 

 destroyed, one of the horizontals may be fixed 

 up perpendicularly to fill its place, which it will 

 soon do, and the knife will not be required to 

 be used for any other purpose. A tree formed 

 in this manner, will apply all the sap furnished 

 by the roots to a profitable purpose ; and as it 

 will never be headed, or cutback, its progressive 

 or annual increase will be effective. And, as I 

 have before observed, it being a law of nature, 

 that no tree shall bear fruit until it has obtained 

 a surface of stalk, branches, and leaves, propor- 

 tioned to the food it takes up, this law will be 

 fully supported ; and the tree will attain the 



