CURBS. 



49 



12. The Mamluke bit (Figs. 60 and 61), which is used 

 principally by the Turks, is worthy of mention only as a 

 curiosity of barbarism. Its chief peculiarity lies in the fact 

 that in it, the curb-chain is replaced by a large metal ring 

 which is attached to and revolves on the top of the port. 



Fig. 60. Mamluke Bit. 



This bit is therefore all in one piece. The one which is 

 shown in Figs. 60 and 61, and which I got in Southern 

 Russia, has a small revolving wheel placed at the base 

 of the port, to keep the mouth " lively." It is not 

 improbable that the application of the principle of the 



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