MARTINGALES. 



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animal's movements as little as practicable by gear, I would ad- 

 vise that this martingale should be employed only with horses 

 which could not be ridden in comfort and safety without it. 



We may improvise a standing martingale by buckling the 

 rings of a running martingale to those of the snaffle, by 

 means of the billets of the reins (Fig. 106). 



Fig. 106. Improvising a Standing Martingale by means of a running one. 



2. The running martingale (Fig. 107) has at one end a loop, 

 through which the girth, girths, or surcingle passes. At the 

 other end, the martingale is split into two branches that are 

 provided at their respective extremities with rings through 

 which the reins pass. It has a neck-strap that prevents the 

 portion of the martingale which is between the horse's fore 

 legs, from hanging too low down. The useful peculiarity in 

 Lord Lonsdale's martingale (Fig. 107) is a shoulder near the 



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