42 DWARF FRUIT TREES 



The different forms which are used most commonly 

 are named and classified in the following outline: 



^. Forms of three dimensions: 



a. Vase or bush 



b. Pyramid 



c. Winged pyramid, etc. 

 B. Forms of two dimensions: 



a. Various espaliers 



b. Palmette-Verrier 



c. Fans or Fan-espaliers 



d. U-form and double U-form 

 C. Trained to a single stem: 



a. Upright cordon 



b. Oblique cordon 



c. Horizontal cordon 



(with one arm) 

 (with two arms) 



d. Serpentine cordon, etc. 



Among the forms of three dimensions none is of 

 much practical importance besides the pyramid and 

 bush or vase form. These are sufficiently explained 

 in the chapters on pears and apples. Here we need 

 only to define them. The pyramid tree is one which 

 has a straight central stem with branches radiating 

 therefrom. It is especially adapted to upright grow- 

 ing varieties of pears. The bush or vase form has 

 several main arms or branches, all standing out from 

 approximately the same point and growing upward 

 / .at a more or less acute angle, thus forming roughly 

 a vase. The secondary branches put out from these, 

 bearing fruiting wood, as the gardener may order. 



The flying pyramid or winged pyramid, described 

 in all European books, is considerably different from 



