Our Relations. 



There is also a difference between the hand and foot in the al e diver- 

 ment of some of the muscles. Thus there are three flexor and tl n( * a 

 extensor muscles reaching from the hand up into the fore-arm. In thQP 

 foot there are likewise three principal flexor and three extensor muscles. 

 Two of each go from the toes up into the leg, but the third one of each 

 is short, extending from the toes only to the sole and back part of the 

 foot. Another great muscle of the foot called the "peronoeus longus " 

 passes from the root of the first metatarsal bone connecting with big 

 toe up to the outer side of the leg bone fibula. It is pecular to the 

 foot, having no counterpart in the hand. 



Now in the gorilla the same peculiarities of bone and muscle (except 

 as stated above) are observed in the "hind hand," so called, as are to 

 be found in the human foot. The tarsal bones are seven instead of 

 eight, as they are in his hand, and man's, and they are arranged in prac- 

 tically the same way as in the man's foot. He also has the "peronoeus 

 longus " muscle and the short flexor and extensor in this " hind hand " 

 but not in the front one. In short, so far as structure goes, he has two 

 feet if a man has and his two front hands are also as true hands as a 

 man's are. It is true there is considerable difference made in the uses 



.Maw 



FIG. 4. Foot of Man. 

 FIG. 5. Foot of Gorilla. 

 FIG. 6. Foot of Orang. 



In each fig. above the line a are the hones of the tarsus, seven in number, c a calcis 

 or heel bone, a s astragalus, which supports the tibia or leg bone, s c scaphoid. 



The four bones which articulate with the metatarsals are, beginning at the one next the 

 great toe: the cuboid, the internal, middle, and external cuneiform bones. 



to which the gorilla's foot and the man's foot are put. The gorilla's 

 great toe is more flexible than the man's and he uses it very like a 

 thumb. But the human great toe has not unfrequently been used in 

 the same way. I once saw a man who could do many things, such as 

 beating a drum, whittling with a knife, cutting paper or cloth with 

 scissors, &c. , holding the instruments or articles with his great toes as 



