Our Relations. 3 



finally in death. Men and other mammals are so near alike that they 

 are subject to the same diseases, such as lung fever, and may be treated 

 with the same medicines. They catch each other's contagious diseases, 

 such as hydrophobia, variola, glanders, syphilis, cholera, splenic fever, 

 milk sickness, herpes, &c. 



They are alike subject to periodic influences and cycles, monthly, 

 weekly, &c. 



If we single out the higher orders of animals with which to compare 

 man, as we go up the scale the more striking and minute the resemblances 

 become. Compared with mammals we find agreement in the number of 

 limbs, in the general arrangement of the different parts and organs in 

 the internal structure, the osseous, nervous, muscular, and circulatory 

 systems, in the five senses and in the functional offices of the working 

 parts of the system, as the stomach, heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, brain, 

 mammary and other glands, &c. And if we make the comparison with 

 the Catarhine apes the resemblance is seen to be still closer and the 

 agreement of part with part and function with function to descend to 

 greater minutiae. 



Professor Huxley has in the clearest manner shown the anatomical 

 points of resemblance and the points of difference between the gorilla 

 and man. In his book, ' Man's Place in Nature " (page 87 ) we find the 

 actual measurements of a gorilla as follows : spine, 27 inches from 

 upper edge of the atlas to lower end of sacrum ; arm, without the hand, 

 31^- inches ; leg, without the foot, 26-J inches ; hand, 9f inches long; 

 foot, 11^ inches. 



The following table shows the proportionate length of limbs, calling 

 the spinal column 100 : 



SPINE ARM LEG HAND FOOT. 



Gorilla 100 115 96 36 41 



Bosjesman, man 100 78 110 26 32 



Bosjesman, woman 100 83 120 26 32 



European man 100 80 117 26 35 



Adult Chimpanzee, ape 100 96 90 43 39 



Orang Outang, ape 100 122 88 48 52 



Gibbon (Hylobates), ape... 100 173 133 50 45 



Indri (Lemurine, ape) 100 61 100 30 35 



The foregoing table shows a considerable difference in the proportions 

 of limbs between the highest ape, gorilla, and the lowest man, Bosjes- 

 man. But it also shows great differences between the gorilla and his 

 brother apes. Thus the arm of the gibbon is as much longer than that 

 of the gorilla, as the gorilla's is longer than man's, and the gibbon's leg 

 is as much longer than the man's as the man's is longer than the 

 gorilla's. 



