Preface. 



Abercrombie, Agassiz, Bain, Barker, Barnard, Bastian, Bernstein, 

 Bessey, Binet and Fere, Bjerkness, Brown-Sequard, Carpenter, Charcot, 

 Capt. Clark, Glaus, Combe, J. P. Cooke, Cooke & Berkley, Crookes, 

 Cuvier, Dana, Darwin, Dawson, Draper, Dubois-Raymond, Dunglison, 

 Eliot & Storer, Ferrier, Flint, Gage, Geddes & Thomson, Gordon, Asa 

 Gray, H. Gray, Gurney, Haeckel, Huxley, Landois, Langley, Leckey, 

 Le Conte, Letourneau, Lewes, Lockyer, Lubbock, Luys, Maudsley, 

 Meyer, Max. Miiller, Murdock, Nott & Gliddon, Owen, Packard, Papil- 

 lon, Pasteur, Pepper, Plante, Pop. Sci. Mo., Quain, Romanes, Roscoe, 

 Rosenthal, Schiitzenberger, Semper, Dr. Shepherd, Skeat, Spencer, Dr. 

 Star, B. Stewart, Sully, Isaac Taylor, Tellor, S. P. Thompson, Tyndall 

 Tan Beneden, Yelpeau, Vogel, Wagner, Wallace, Warner, Watts, Wild- 

 er, Wilson, Wurtz, Youmans. Besides the foregoing, from the works of 

 some of whom copious extracts have been made, many other authorities 

 have been quoted whose names are mentioned in the proper connection. 

 Thus a broad basis of fact has been laid for the conclusions that have 

 been reached, and it is for the reader to judge whether the facts justify 

 the conclusions, or to frame others if they do not. 



It is not likely that the work has entirely escaped errors of statement, 

 and if there are any the writer will be glad to have them pointed out to 

 him. 



J. B. A. 

 MINNEAPOLIS, MINN., 



October, 1892. 



