Quarternary or Post- Tertiary Period. 97 



The remains of Man accompany those of the Elephant and Hippopota- 

 mus, and are contemporaneous with the Cave Bear, Hyena, &c. Similar 

 associations have been found in South America in bone caverns and 

 also in India. In all cases he appears as an emigrant with the other 

 Mammals and already living at their expense. 



The following is from a Newspaper : ' ' Prof. E. D. Cope, of Philadel- 

 phia, has secured the skull of an extinct monkey which seems to fulfill 

 in a remarkable degree the condition of the missing link between man 

 and the lower animals. It is not larger than the skull of a small 

 ground-squirrel, and belongs to a species of marmoset. It was found 

 in the valley of the Big Horn river, Wyoming territory. The professor 

 says : ' This skull is remarkably similar in miniature, of course to 

 the human skull. The brain space is remarkably large, and is, in fact, 

 several times larger than the brain space of any of the skeletons of 

 animals of the same period of time. The characteristics of the forma- 

 tion of the human skull are clearly defined so clearly as to be re- 

 markable. The teeth are almost the same as human teeth, while the 

 jaw has many strong points of similarity. I consider this skull as the 

 earliest indication of the existence of man. It is a new species of a 

 familiar class, and has hitherto been unknown to scientists. The con- 

 nection between man and this animal, it seems to me, must have been 

 very close, although, of course, nine men out of every ten would raise 

 a dispute. No animal at that time, except this peculiar species, has a 

 head like that of a human being, and the brain space, contrasted with 

 the brain space of other animals, or even of the monkeys .of to-day > 

 shows a vast superiority of intelligence."' 



CHAPTER XV. 



THE GEOLOGICAL LESSON. 



From the foregoing hasty survey of the Geological history of organic 

 life it is evident that there has been general progress in the types of life 

 from the beginning to the end. 



The Silurian age, the first that gives us positive information as to its 

 organic life, was the age of Mollusks. These are lower than the Ver- 

 tebrates. It was also the age of Algae, the lowest of the plants. In 

 the Devonian, Fishes, the first of the vertebrates, are the dominant type. 

 In the Carboniferous, Acrogens are the best type of vegetation and 

 Amphibians of animal life. The Mesozoic or Secondary is the age of 

 Reptiles. It also saw the advance of vegetation from Acrogens to the 

 higher classes, Angiosperms and Endogens. The Tertiary age estab- 



