140 Dynamic Theory. 



thence into the fourth stomach where it is mixed with the gastric juice. 

 The reticulum is lined with ridges which cross each other in such a way 

 as to form the honeycomb-shaped sections. The manyplies has a lining 

 of plates, like the leaves of a book, which serve to strain the food and 

 keep back the coarser, unchewed portions for further reduction. 



FIG. 77. 



FIG. 77. Stomach of a sheep. (Huxley, Vertebrate Anatomy) 

 A. Esophagus ( gullet). E. Pylorus ( or gateway). 



B. Reticulum ( or Honeyc9mb). F. Abomasum (or Rennet stomach). 



C. Psalterium ( or Manyplies). G. Opening from the Rumen to the Reticulum. 



D. Duodenum ( small intestine). R. Rumen ( or Paunch.) 



The intestine and the coecum of ruminants are both long. ( For cce- 

 cum see fig. 67.) The rodents, or gnawing animals, likewise feed on 

 bulky food, often wood and the bark of trees. Their intestines are very 

 long, and their coecum also extremely large. 



The edentates, that feed chiefly on leaves of trees, as the Sloth (Bra- 

 dypus), have stomachs of enormous size, and divided into four com- 

 partments, while their relatives, the Armadillos and Ant-eaters, have 

 small, simple stomachs. The Bats, whose food is chiefly animal, 

 have small intestines without coecum, while their relative, the Gale- 

 opithecus, that lives on leaves and fruit, has a large ccecum. The In- 

 sectivora, living on concentrated food, are without a coecum. The 

 small, but ferocious and blood-thirsty Weasels, Martens, Skunks, Otters, 

 &c. , are also without a ccecum. The second division of the Carnivores, 

 including the Dog, and Cat tribes, Fox, Lion, Tiger, Hyena, &c., have 

 small coecum. The Pachydermata, which are all vegetable eaters, have 

 large stomachs, with long intestines and immense coecums. They in- 

 clude the Horse, Elephant, Rhinoceros, Hippopotamus, Tapir, &c. In 

 the case of the Hippopotamus the stomach is divided into several sacs. 

 The coecums of the Elephant and Horse are enormous. 



The herbivorous cetacea have a stomach divided into four sacs, and 

 their coecum is large. They are the Manatus, Dugong, &c. The Dol- 

 phin tribes of the cetacea are more carnivorous, and do not possess a 

 coecum, although they and the rest of the ordinary whale tribes have 

 complicated stomachs divided into several sacs, and they have several 

 spleens. It thus appears to be a common rule that a ccecum goes with 

 a vegetarian diet, or at least a bulky vegetarian diet. While those ani- 

 mals which are carnivorous, or at least whose diet is small in bulk, have 



