s. 



216 Dynamic Theory. 



Other varieties of these organisms are as follows : 

 Saccharomyces Ellipsoideus (Rees), Saccharomyces Pastorianus, 



Exiguus, S. Conglomerate, S. Reesii, S. Mycoderma. 



These are all species of the same genus and differ only in minor 



points. The Ellipsoideus and Pastorianus are possibly identical and are 



peculiarly adapted for wine fermentation. 



FIG. 100. e Saccharomyces Ellipsoideus. Alcoholic ferment of wine and juices of 

 fruits. 

 /The same developing spores. The cells are .000118 X .000098 of an inch in size. 



The Exiguus occurs in the juice of fermented fruits. 



The Conglomerates is found in the must of wine near the end of 

 fermentation. 



The Reesii is found in the must of red wine. It has cells of peculiar 

 elongated shape. 



The Mycoderma appears in alcoholic liquids exposed to the air after 

 the fermentation has become languid. It grows rapidly, covering the 

 surface of the liquid with a thin whitish or yellowish pellicle. Engle 

 estimated that one cell would in 48 hours produce 35,378 cells. The 

 cells are variously shaped ovoid, ellipsoidal and cylindrical, with 

 rounded extremities. 





FIG. 101. Different forms taken by Saccharomyces Mycoderma. 



It occurs in all fermentations exposed to the air. Some suppose it to be modified 

 from the beer yeast. It differs greatly according to treatment and takes different 

 forms. It is competent to produce 35,378 cells from one in 48 hours. 



The Apiculated ferment (Carpozyma) does not belong to the genus 

 Saccharomyces. It is the most abundant alcoholic ferment. It is on 

 all kinds of fruit, especially berries and stone fruit, and in most musts 

 of wine. This variety has a small nib, or little apex, at the end of the 

 cell. 



c ' According to Engel, the apiculate ferment is a Protomyces, a fungus 

 of the Ascomycetes family, without a mycelium. Its thecse are spheri- 

 cal, covered with a peritheca, and are hibernating. The development of 

 the spores is very slow and the spores numerous." 



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