24:4 Dynamic Theory. 



teria, large and small, Vibriones and Leptothrix filaments, Yibriones 

 and Spirillum, and sometimes Torulae. The conditions must vary 

 somewhat to develop the different organisms, the variation of tempera- 



FIG. 1 05. 



FIG. 105. Development of Torulae ( Saccharomyces) found in Cider. 

 Fig. illustrates the irregular mode of growth and self division of the fungus in this ele- 

 ment and the casting off of conidia or spores. (Compare with Figs. 98, 99, &c.) (Pouchet.) 



ture alone being often all that is required. However, it has been ob- 

 served ' ' that Torulae are most apt to present themselves in slightly acid 

 solutions. Again, whilst the most putrescible solutions almost invari- 

 ably yield Bacteria, the same fluids, after their fermentability has been 

 impaired by the influence of heat, may engender nothing but Torulse. " 

 In most solutions these may be planted and produce their kind. Bas- 

 \ian thinks they both sometimes originate in the same fluid. He and 

 M. Trecul agree that Torulse in cider will form mycelium and conidia. 

 He claims that * l representatives of various kinds of simpler fungi 

 are produced from different Torulse with the greatest ease. Through- 

 Dut all the stages of. their development there is merely a modified repeti- 

 tion of the simple processes which are ever taking place amongst Bac- 

 teria and Torulse during their more familiar discontinuous growth." 1 

 Chiefly on account of the extraordinary and uncertain "sporting" of 

 these low organisms, naturalists are often puzzled in regard to their 

 classification. For example, finding a plant exhibiting a quality sup- 

 posed to be peculiar to some particular species, it is labeled accordingly. 

 Another observer finding the same plant in another phase of its possible 

 metamorphoses, will assign it to a different classification. Further in- 

 vestigation showing an identical plant, under different aspects, the two 

 distinctive names are supplemented by a third, which is intended to su- 

 persede and abolish the others, but which may end by simply adding 

 to the confusion and contributing to the general perplexity. 



1 By "discontinuous" he means broken by reproductive processes as distinguished 

 from the formation of a crystal which is "continuous," and does not naturally periodi- 

 cally break up to begin again. He calls the first a dynamical and the last a statical 

 condition. 



