Polarity in Organic Elements. 361 



half from the end, and a twig from a branch of some other tree, after 

 being whittled into the shape of a wedge, is inserted into the split, care 

 being taken to have the liber of the bark of the twig exactly contiguous 

 edge to edge with the liber of the bark of the root. In budding, the 

 bark of a young tree or branch is slit vertically for an inch, and the bark 

 each side of the slit raised from the wood by an appropriate instrument. 

 The bud to be inserted is taken from 'its twig with a portion of bark of 

 oval shape surrounding it. This bark is inserted on each side under 

 the raised bark of the 3 r oung tree, leaving the bud projecting from the 

 center of the slit. The bark is then pressed down and bound with a 

 band of cloth or a string. In growing, the bud receives the sap from 

 the stalk and converts it into leaves, limbs and fruit after its kind, while 

 if left to itself the same sap would have formed these parts after the 

 pattern of the original tree. The same change in the destination of the 

 sap occurs in the grafting process. 



If a fresh water worm Planaria be cut up into pieces, each piece will 

 grow into a perfect worm. The process requires four to five days in 

 summer, and twelve to fifteen in winter. If the rays of a star-fish be 

 cut off, each ray will reproduce a perfect star, the other four rays grow- 

 ing from its large or body end. The earth worm will grow from pieces 

 like the polyp. Many of the reptiles are able to renew such parts as 

 legs and tail. If either the tail or legs of a Salamander be amputated 

 they will grow out with bones, nerves and muscles complete. The legs 

 of a frog will grow again if they are amputated carefully. Bonnet saw 

 a worm grow twelve heads in succession, a new one coming after each 

 amputation. The horns and part of the head of a shell snail have been 

 reproduced after being cut off. 



The Gecko is a little animal belonging to the lizzard family. Its tail, 

 which it sometimes loses, is naturally possessed of circular folds and 

 tubercles. When the tail grows out again these folds are left off, and 

 sometimes the tubercles. This circumstance has led some observers to 

 think they had found a new species. The Triton, and various other 

 amphibian lizzards, are able to reproduce their tails. A crab is able to 

 reproduce a claw or even an eye. It is said that even as highly devel- 

 oped an animal as one of the Dipneusta, the Protopterus annectens, is 

 able to grow a new tail. Two cases of the kind are cited by Bastian. 

 The embryo of a tail of a frog being cut off in the egg and put into 

 water, grew on to its full size and then died. A spleen removed from 

 certain animals has grown in again. The tail of a lizzard will grow 

 again, renewing its external size in two or three months, with the nerves, 

 muscles, and vessels, but does not recover its tail vertebrae for two 

 years. A dormouse grew a new tail after one had been cut off. The 

 antennae of the crawfish grow out in from six weeks to six months, ac- 



