Functions of the Cerebrum. 641 



the affections in the lower back-head, the executive powers in the lower 

 side-head ; and the moral, spiritual and religious sentiments in the top- 

 head. This plan ignores the under surface of the cerebrum, and the two 

 mesial or inner surfaces of the hemispheres, and takes no account of the 

 brainy processes called the hippocampi which fill up the descending and 

 posterior horns. ( See Figs. 275, 276, &c. ) About half of the con- 

 volutions, therefore, are left without anything to do, and all the business 

 is assigned to the part that is visible and feelable. This will not do. 

 The faculties have not been arranged with reference to their accessibility 

 to the phrenologist's fingers. Among the earliest fissures developed is 

 the hippocampal, and the inference is unavoidable that its functions are 

 among the most important and ancient ; but this system takes no notice 

 of it at all. There is a certain method in the grouping of the phrenol- 

 ogical organs by which those of related functions are made to stand near 

 to each other. Thus we have weight, size and form ; causality and com- 

 parison ; human nature and suavity ; ideality and sublimity ; cautious- 

 ness and secretiveness ; combativeness and destructiveness ; amativeness 

 and conjugal love ; time and tune; locality and memory,. &c. This 

 grouping has a plausible appearance if we do not look beneath the skull. 

 The list of organs is by no means long enough to accommodate all the 

 qualities usually ascribed to the mind. Having an organ for benevolence, 

 why should we not have one for selfishness, greediness or hoggishness ? 

 Why should not the organ of hope have its antithesis in an organ 

 of despair ? Self esteem its self distrust ; mirthfulness, seriousness ; 

 acquisitiveness, prodigality ? Why not oppose an organ of vagrancy to 

 that of inhabitivness ; fickleness to firmness ; bluntness to suavity? Why 

 not have an organ of practicalness, and another of visionaryness, one of 

 conservativeness and another of progressiveness ? 



Perhaps it will be said that where there is an organ representing a 

 positive quality, its want of development will indicate the predominance 

 of its opposite quality ; as for example if a person have not inhabitivness 

 he will naturally tend to be a vagrant. That principal might apply in 

 the case of some of the faculties, as for instance if the organ of form or 

 that of color were wanting the person is simply destitute of the faculty 

 of distinguishing details of shape or the shades of color. But a dis- 

 position to wander is often as positive an instinct as that of attachment 

 to one spot. There are nomadic tribes both of men and other animals 

 whose delight it is always to be on the move. A man might be indif- 

 ferent to his locality and so deficient in inhabitiveness ; yet frcrm the 

 very necessity of being somewhere he might stay all his life in one place. 

 So selfishness is a positive quality, not perhaps very compatible with 

 benevolence, but by no means certain to be present when the latter is 

 absent. If a fat 300-pound hog be allowed access to a superabundance 



