functions of the Cerebrum. 645 



the dependence of causality and comparison upon external stimuli will not 

 be denied. They are nothing more than a subdivision of perception. 

 They are nothing more than the collateral extension of the perception of 

 single objects, since the perception of one object implies the ability to per- 

 ceive another and another. The perception of a space or an intermediate 

 object between two others is the perception of a relationship and by so 

 much an act of reason. It can be shown that all reason consists merely 

 of an extension of this simple perception. Causality and comparison 

 are principal divisions of the general faculty of the perception of things 

 in their relations to each other. Human nature or the perception 

 of motives is a special branch of the same faculty. Mirthfulness, the 

 phrenologists name for wit and humor, designates another branch of the 

 intellectual perceptions. The ability to see the point of a joke involves 

 comparison. 



According to phrenology the organ of memory or eventuality occupies 

 a comparative!}^ small patch in the middle of the lower part of the fore- 

 head. When we reflect that not a single mental function can be carried 

 on without mernor}", this arrangement which confines memory to an in- 

 significant area appears unaccountable. 



The organ of calculation is placed on the side of the temple in line 

 between the ear and the eye and near the latter. In order to calculate, 

 one must use the multiplication table. As this is simply a series of dry 

 facts, " I suppose their memory should be recorded in the organ of 

 eventuality. But it is easy to show that the whole process of calcula- 

 tion consists in the revival of the memories of certain various relations 

 in which numbers stand to each other, which relations have been ascer- 

 tained in the past. These relationships are matters of fact, and the 

 principal by which they are remembered cannot diffef in any essential 

 respect from any other memory. Calculation must therefore be an or- 

 gan of memory or else it is no organ at all. The same reflections ob- 

 viously apply to every other faculty. They all involve memory except 

 where they are instinctive and are exercised for the first time. How, for 

 example, can a person feel the sentiment of benevolence except in con- 

 nection with some object towards which the feeling is exercised ; and 

 how can such object be recognized as such, except by an act of memory? 

 According to the dynamical theory the sight of the object awakens the 

 .memory, and the memory awakens the feeling ; so that in reality the or- 

 gan is an organ of memory and its stimulus originates without and not 

 within. 



It is indeed antecedently probable that certain definite tracts of the 

 brain are endowed with specific functions, and have their connections 

 and relationships with definite parts of the body. We inherit from our 

 ancestors definite forms of limbs, muscles, vital organs and organs of 



