700 Dynamic Theory. 



merely direct personal concern, this part of the brain is relatively small; 

 in man it is large, because the ideas which necessitate the directing of 

 the eyes, whose movements involve those of the head also, are vastly 

 numerous, and include almost every conceivable subject near or remote. 

 The stimulations which operate through these motor centers are all de- 

 rived through memory centers; in short, internal sense organs lying in 

 these frontal convolutions. A great majority of the thoughts consti- 

 tuted by the action of these organs, overflow' into motor actioa for the 

 directing of the eyes. Consider how many different ideas direct the 

 eyes in reading, almost as many as are to be got by reading. In writ- 

 ing, too, every idea expressed has its corresponding creating apparatus 

 in these frontal lobes. In every art and occupation this part of the 

 brain directs the eyes, and in turn is reinforced and enlarged by the sen- 

 sory stimulations brought back to it through the cortical sight centers. 

 As a whole, it is an immense center of attention, and the eyes become 

 the most important external organs of attention. It would be a mis- 

 take, however, to call this part, or any part, an organ of attention, since 

 this term simply designates a condition of readiness for business which 

 must accompany the activity of every sense, external or internal hear- 

 ing, feeling, tasting, smelling, judging, reflecting, comparing, &c. , as 

 well as seeing. But there is so much more of our attention associated 

 with direction of the eyes, and their fixation upon definite objects, and 

 in the stress of recalling the memories of such direction and fixation, 

 that our very idea of attention usually suggests the eye as part of its 

 necessary machinery. The very word idea means something seen, and 

 a man in trying to recover a lost idea, will often put his hand up to his 

 forehead and say, "let me see." Attention is so constantly associated 

 with the position of the eyes that they must be taken into the account 

 wherever attention is required. If they wander about they take atten- 

 tion to the things they see, and so we close them, or direct their stare 

 into vacancy. In listening even we seem to be able to assist with the 

 eyes. The physical expression of attention, both objective and subjec- 

 tive, is a fixed or riveted gaze ; if objective, at the object ; if subjective, 

 into vacant space. 



The large territory in the rear portion of the posterior lobe, must also 

 be reckoned as being occupied by internal sense organs founded upon 

 the sense of sight chiefly, but also to some extent upon that of hearing, 

 and probably to those in which both senses are concerned. The internal 

 sense organs, as a rule, no doubt occupy the spaces immediately adja- 

 cent to the direct sense cells through which their stimulation and differ- 

 entiation first came, and so they must be found in all parts of the cere- 

 brum. Those depending on sight are in the anterior and posterior ends 

 of the cerebrum ; those on hearing, in the sides and posterior lobe ; those 



