Diseases of the Internal Senses. 735 



ity to move a muscle in speech or gesture. When the cerebrum is cut 

 off entirely, both in the sensory and motor connections from the rest of 

 the cranio-spinal axis, the actions of the subject are no longer what is 

 called intelligent, but are to be classed as sensorial and automatic. As 

 shown elsewhere, the memories which are established by habit in the 

 spinal cord, the cerebellum and the basal ganglia, are chiefly if not ex- 

 clusively the memories of processes and not of special and distinctive 

 events. So that when the distinctive memories which belong to the 

 cerebrum are cut off, the movements are dictated solely by the direct 

 influence of the external stimuli acting along the habitual routes, and pro- 

 ducing the habitual reactions uniformly and without modification by 

 ideas. And there being no distinctive record in memory organs of the 

 actions, they are never recollected. 



A remarkable case is reported of a young woman of Shoreham, Eng- 

 land, who fell into a river and was nearly drowned, in consequence of 

 which her cerebrum lost its influence upon her actions for a year. She 

 partly recovered from the first shock of the accident, but ten days after- 

 ward was seized with a fit of stupor lasting four hours. When this was 

 over, she was found to have lost all her memories and mental faculties, 

 the power of speech, and the senses of hearing, smell and taste. The 

 senses of sight and touch were acute, and various reflex or automatic 

 movements were excited through them, but no purposive actions. Noth- 

 ing that she did was remembered, her cerebrum being out of use, and 

 no memory organs being differentiated. Her past memories and knowl- 

 edge of mother and friends were all swept away. Her appetite and di- 

 gestion were good, and she would eat anything put into her mouth, re- 

 gardless of its taste, that sense being abolished ; she never voluntarily 

 fed herself, but if her mother started her by conveying the spoon to her 

 mouth a few times, she would keep up the operation by herself. But 

 she did not remember this from one meal-time to another, but had to be 

 started for each occasion. We are reminded by this of the performance 

 of the frog destitute of his cerebrum, mentioned in a previous chapter. 

 The two cases are no doubt the same. The stimulation to the self-feed- 

 ing action was in the hungry viscera, and, while the hunger lasted, they 

 would continue to furnish the stimulation to the muscles after it was 

 once directed there by being started ; the associated movements follow- 

 ing each other in the definite rythm in which they were set going. 



An automatic action which she took up of her own accord was pick- 

 ing at the bed clothes. This is common with the old and the insane, 

 who have lost their cerebral anchorage, the fingers 'being then operated 

 by the lower centers reflexly, and without object. Her attendants gave 

 her part of an old straw bonnet, which she picked into small pieces, 

 then she was supplied with roses, which she also reduced to minute 



